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描述East-Hem 323bc.jpg	English: Eastern Hemisphere in 323 BC, at the death of Alexander the Great.
來源	自己的作品 (For reference information, see below)
作者	Thomas Lessman (Contact!)
授權許可 (重用此檔案)	我，本作品的著作權持有者，決定用以下授權條款發佈本作品： 此檔案採用共享創意 姓名標示-相同方式分享 3.0 未在地化版本授權條款。 您可以自由： 分享 – 複製、發佈和傳播本作品 重新修改 – 創作演繹作品 惟需遵照下列條件： 姓名標示 – 您必須指名出正確的製作者，和提供授權條款的連結，以及表示是否有對內容上做出變更。您可以用任何合理的方式來行動，但不得以任何方式表明授權條款是對您許可或是由您所使用。 相同方式分享 – 如果您利用本素材進行再混合、轉換或創作，您必須基於如同原先的相同或兼容的條款，來分布您的貢獻成品。 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0CC BY-SA 3.0 Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 truetrue

Map Summary

Original Source URL: http://www.thomaslessman.com/History/images/East-Hem_323bc.jpg.

This map of the Eastern Hemisphere in 323 BC was created by Thomas Lessman, based on information from the sources listed below. This map is free for educational use (see Permission info above). When using this map, please mention that it is available for free at www.WorldHistoryMaps.info.

Map Source References

• Remember, sources often conflict with each other. This map is only as accurate as the information that is available to me.
• To report any errors or to help further this work, please use the Corrections page, or email Thomas Lessman at talessman@yis.us

References for information contained in this map:

Empire of Alexander the Great information is derived from:

• The DK Atlas of World History, 2000 Edition; map of Alexander's Empire and successors; (Pg. 224)
• Wikimedia's map of The Empire of Alexander the Great uploaded by User talk:Captain Blood
• Wikipedia's article about Alexander the Great

I - European Information:

Roman Republic borders are derived from The DK Atlas of World History, 2000 Edition; Pg. 178; Map of Italy in 240 BCE (also shows Roman borders in 300 BCE).

II - Asian Information:

Chinese Area borders are derived from this map of The Contending States Boundries c. 350 BC, available on Huhai.net.

Indian Kingdoms locations are derived from Wikimedia's map of Epic India.

Gangaridai Note: the borders depicted for Gangaridai are not shown on any maps I've seen, they are described rather vaguely in the sources below:

• This article about The Origins of the Ganga Dynasty - A New Insight archive copy at the Wayback Machine by Dr. Harihar Kanungo; (Pg 25, section a).
• This article from Missouri Southern State University about Gangaridae in Megasthenes' Indica archive copy at the Wayback Machine; (Section 37).
• The History of Bengal website, which contains extensive information on an archeological site called Chandraketugarh, which may be the lost city of Ganga (the capital of Gangaridai).

Nanda Dynasty borders are derived from:

• The DK Atlas of World History, 2000 Edition; Map of The Nanda and Mauryan Empires 365-181 BCE; (Pg. 241)

Văn Lang borders are derived from:

• Wikimedia's map of Van Lang, created by User:Briangotts.
• Wikipedia's articles about Văn Lang and the Hồng Bàng Dynasty.

III - African Information and info for fringe areas like Africa, Australia, Siberia, etc. derive from:

• The DK Atlas of World History, 2000 Edition; map of The development of complex societies in Africa; (Page 160)
• Wikimedia's map of the World 323 BCE, created by User:Briangotts, and
• Wikimedia's map of the World in 300 BCE, created by User:Javierfv1212.

Note: Much of the information in this map was cross-checked with Bruce Gordon's Regnal Chronologies.

Other Maps by Thomas Lessman

原始上傳日誌

• 2007-12-21 15:09 Talessman 3240×1903×8 (717376 bytes) Corrected info for Far eastern peoples, more info for Africa and Europe
• 2007-11-21 19:34 Talessman 3240×1903×8 (697847 bytes) Added info on lesser-known cultures. Also changed text color of Helenistic states to Blue, of Iranian peoples to green, and added names of smaller nations (numbered legend).
• 2007-11-06 22:20 Talessman 3240×1903×8 (689151 bytes) Corrected borders in Sudan (Meroe) and Arabia, added info for Japan, Indonesia, etc.
• 2007-10-02 17:49 Talessman 2880×1692×8 (546378 bytes) Author: Thomas A. Lessman. Source URL: http://www.ThomasLessman.com/History/images/East-Hem_323bc.jpg. Image was created by me (Thomas Lessman) based on historical information located on Wikipedia, as well as information from maps located in Wikipedia and
• 2007-09-12 21:35 Talessman 2880×1692×8 (514268 bytes) Author: Thomas A. Lessman. Source URL: http://www.ThomasLessman.com/History/images/East-Hem_323bc.jpg. Image was created by me (Thomas Lessman) based on historical information located on Wikipedia, as well as information from maps located in Wikipedia and