人类生理学/营养

词汇表

Amino acids

The building blocks of protein in the body. There are nine essential amino acids that are not manufactured by the body and must come from the diet.

Anabolism

Refers the cumulative metabolic intracellular, molecular processes by which every cell repairs itself and grows.(synthesizing).

Anorexia

A common eating disorder characterized by an abnormal loss of the appetite for food

antioxidants

Compounds that protect against cell damage inflicted by molecules called oxygen-free radicals, which are a major cause of disease and aging.

Bulimia Nervosa

Eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by an intentional purging.

Catabolism

The opposite of Anabolism. The metabolic process that breaks down molecules into smaller units. It is made up of degradative chemical reactions in the living cell.

Cirrhosis of the liver

An irreversible advanced scarring of the liver as a result of chronic inflammation of the liver. Can be caused by alcoholism or obesity.

Complete Proteins

Proteins that contain ample amounts of all of the essential amino acids

Deamination

When an amino acid group breaks off an amino acid that makes a molecule of ammonia and ketoacid.

Diverticulosis

A diet low in dietary fiber increases the risk, this is the pouches called diverticula formation on the outer portion of the large intestine.

Gastric Bypass Surgery

An operation where a small gastric pouch is created and the remainder of the stomach bypassed

Incomplete Proteins

Proteins that contain some but not all of all of the essential amino acids required by the body

Ipecac

A drug used to induce vomiting

Kwashiorkor

A childhood form of malnutrition caused by general lack of protein or deficiency in one or more amino acids. Appearance of a person with this is a swollen belly due to inadequate production of albumin, which causes the blood to have a lower osmotic pressure, resulting in more fluids escaping from the plasma.

Marasmus

malnutrition cause by a lack of kilocalorie intake. Appearance of a person with this is a skeletal one.

Malnutrition

An imbalanced nutrient and or energy intake.

Obesity

A condition in which the natural energy reserve in fatty tissue increased to a point where it is thought to be a risk factor for certain health conditions or increased mortality

Peptide

Two or more amino acids linked together by a bond called a peptide bond.

Polypeptide

A string of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. A protein is an example of a polypeptide.

Starvation

A severe reduction in vitamin, nutrient, and energy intake, and is the most extreme form of malnutrition