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英语/英文数字

维基教科书,自由的教学读本

英文数字和中文一样都是十进数(decimal):有一到十十个形式(pattern),十一到二十形式重复,二十一到三十再重复。

基数(Cardinal numbers)

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一到十(One to ten)

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一到十都是单个音节(seven除外):

1 one
2 two
3 three
4 four
5 five
6 six
7 seven
8 eight
9 nine
10 ten

十几(Teens)

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“十几”(teens)原则在数字加个“teen”,代表+10
例:

  • 4 = four
  • 14 = fourteen
  • 6 = six
  • 16 = sixteen(加了个“teen”,代表+10)
11 eleven 不规则
12 twelve 不规则
13 thirteen 拼法更改 thir
14 fourteen 规则(没有缺u)
15 fifteen 拼法更改 fif
16 sixteen 规则
17 seventeen 规则
18 eighteen 拼法更改(t不重复)
19 nineteen 规则

几十(Tens)

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20,30(tens)是在1-10基数词后面加上“ty”(=×10)

20 twenty 拼法更改 twen
30 thirty 拼法更改 thir
40 forty 拼法更改 for(缺u)
50 fifty 拼法更改 fif
60 sixty 规则
70 seventy 规则
80 eighty 拼法更改(t不重复)
90 ninety 规则

不规则

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但是,11和12的不规则:

  • 1 = one
  • 11 = eleven
  • 2 = two
  • 12 = twelve

有些拼法有更改,要注意:

  • 3 = three
  • 13 = thirteen
  • 30 = thirty
  • 4 = four
  • 40 = forty(没有“u”)
  • 但是fourteen(14)正常
  • 8 = eight
  • 18 = eighteen(一个t而已)
1
one
11
eleven
  不规则 11 eleven
2
two
12
twelve
20
twenty
不规则 12 twelve 20 twen
3
three
13
thirteen
30
thirty
拼法更改 thir
4
four
14
fourteen
40
forty
40 拼法更改(缺u)
5
five
15
fifteen
50
fifty
拼法更改 fif
6
six
16
sixteen
60
sixty
规则
7
seven
17
seventeen
70
seventy
规则
8
eight
18
eighteen
80
eighty
拼法更改(t不重复)
9
nine
19
nineteen
90
ninety
规则

二十几、三十几

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在数字加个“twenty-”,代表+20(见#十几(Teens))注意,一定要在twenty 和单数之间写个连字号(-)。

例:

  • 4 = four
    • 24 = twenty-four
  • 6 = six
    • 26 = twenty-six

同样的,在数字加个“thirty”,代表+30(见#十几(Teens)

例:

  • 4 = four
    • 34 = thirty-four(加了个“thirty”,代表+30)
  • 6 = six
    • 36 = thirty-six(加了个“thirty”,代表+30)

加个“forty”,代表+40,等等

大的数字

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一百多的数字前面写个“one hundred and”

  • “a hundred and”比较口语。
  • 一定要写“and”

例:

  • 1 = one
  • 101 = one hundred and one
  • 31 = thirty-one
  • 131 = one hundred and thirty-one

两百多的数字前面写个“two hundred and”。注意,

  • 需要复数形式:“two hundreds”←错误
    • 例外:“There are five two hundreds in one thousand.”(在一千里面有五个两百。)←在此,“五个两百”不是一个数字,所以有复数。关系是〔two hundred〕s,非two 〔hundred〕s。“two hundred”两个字算一组,一起副数。
  • 没有连字号“two-hundred”←错误

其他:

  • 千 = thousand
  • 万 = ten thousand(没复数)
  • 万 = myriad
    • 少用,大部分只表示“许多”的意思,例:a myriad of colours(许多颜色)
  • 百万 = million
    • 连贯字:millionaire =百万富翁
  • 百万以上的数字英国和美国名称不一。下面举一个例子(美式读法):
    • 16069380442589902755423214235476587698791962092 = sixteen quattuordecillion, sixty-nine tredecillion, three hundred and

eighty duodecillion, four hundred and forty-two undecillion, five hundred and eighty-nine decillion, nine hundred and two nonillion, seven hundred and fifty-five octillion, four hundred and twenty-three septillion, two hundred and fourteen sextillion, two hundred and thirty-five quintillion, four hundred and seventy-six quadrillion, five hundred and eighty-seven trillion, six hundred and ninety-eight billion, seven hundred and ninety-one million, nine hundred and sixty-two thousand, ninety-two

复杂数字

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英文写数字,每三个字写逗号:10,000,000,000

在每个写逗号之地,拼字也写逗号(非“and”)。
例:1,100 = one thousand, one hundred


Aside/较高级学习

不过,通常口语说1,100像1100(分成两个对):eleven hundred

再例:

  • 1,900 = 口语:nineteen hundred 或正式:one thousand, nine hundred
    • 前者较常用
  • 1,600 = sixteen hundred 或 one thousand, six hundred
    • 前者较常用
  • 2,100 = twenty-one hundred 或 two thousand, one hundred
    • 后者稍微较常用
  • 3,700 = thirty-seven hundred 或 three thousand, seven hundred
    • 后者较常用

“hundred”之后要加个“and”才加十分数字(也可不加,见美式英语):

  • 1,903 = nineteen hundred and three 或 one thousand, nine hundred and three
  • 1,943 = nineteen hundred and forty-three 或 one thousand, nine hundred and forty-three

有另外一种快速口语说法:

  • Year 1903 = Nineteen-oh-three
    • 少于10的念“oh-#”,“oh”就是“0”(零)。但是不能说“zero-#”。
  • Year 1943 = Nineteen-forty-three
  • Year 913 = Nine-thirteen

有类似的说法,但是指的数目不一样:

  • $ 19.03 = Nineteen-oh-three (类似1903年)

五位数(10,000)就没有如此口语了。

长的数字,一直往前建筑,例:(以下绿字代表新的数字,注意标点符号)

  • 5 = five
  • 85 = eighty-five
  • 485 = four hundred and eighty-five
  • 3,485 = three thousand, four hundred and eighty-five
  • 23,485 = twenty-three thousand, four hundred and eighty-five
  • 923,485 = nine hundred and twenty-three thousand, four hundred and eighty-five
  • 7,923,485 = seven million, nine hundred and twenty-three thousand, four hundred and eighty-five
  • 87,923,485 = eighty-seven million, nine hundred and twenty-three thousand, four hundred and eighty-five
  • 287,923,485 = two hundred and eighty-seven million, nine hundred and twenty-three thousand, four hundred and eighty-five

通常数学有小数点(decimal point)是成“point”,小数点之前的数字正常,之后一个一个数字念:

  • 3,485.334531 = three thousand, four hundred and eighty-five point three-three-four-five-three-one

序数(Ordinal numbers)

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几乎全部序数(ordinal number),“第…”,都是加个“th”(连在一写),例:

  • 六 = six
  • 第六 = sixth

例外

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*“第一、二、三”完全改变:

  1. first(1st)
  2. second(2nd)
  3. third(3rd)

注意,是正常的“fourth”,不是“forth”。“forth”是另外一个字,意思“向前”。

*第五=fifth,非fiveth

*第八=eighth,非eightth

*第九=ninth,非nineth

* 第十二=twelfth,非twelveth

*所有“ty”结尾字(例:twenty、seventy、ninety)改为“tie”(发音不变:[tI])。加上“th”→“tieth”。

  • 六十 = sixty
  • 第六十 = sixtieth
  • 但是,如果后面还有个数字(像“第六十”),是“九”连接“th”结尾,非“六十”:sixty-ninth

练习

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别忘了练习。数字没练习是不会熟悉的。

参见

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