Networked Media Tank/快速格式化硬盘、安装NMT
使用下面的命令时必须小心。如果你并不完全明白每个命令是什么意思的话,就不要尝试。
对于经验丰富的Linux用户,本节介绍一种方法在10分钟以内格式化硬盘、安装NMT,而不使用NMT默认的安装向导。对于在格式化1.5T硬盘时总是遇到问题的用户,此方法可能会很有帮助。
开始之前
[编辑]下载最新的固件和nmt应用软件。另外还要在NMT上安装Telnet,具体方法请参考Lundman所写的介绍telnet的文章[1]。
在Linux系统上
[编辑]你可以给硬盘分区,用mkfs生成两个文件系统,然后安装nmt应用软件和一些乱七八糟的东西(创建目录,设置权限等)。在NMT上格式化1.5T硬盘需要2个小时以上,而在我的笔记本上(用的OpenSuse系统)只需要几分钟时间。首先需要创建一个/tmp/newpart.txt文件(如果你的硬盘和我的尺寸不一样,第三个分区的扇区数量需要调整),内容如下:
# partition table of /dev/sdc unit: sectors /dev/sdc1 : start= 63, size= 514017, Id=83 /dev/sdc2 : start= 514080, size= 1012095, Id=82 /dev/sdc3 : start= 1526175, size=2928745890, Id=83 /dev/sdc4 : start= 0, size= 0, Id= 0
然后使用以下Linux命令:
linux:/home/linux # sfdisk /dev/sdc < /tmp/newpart.txt Checking that no-one is using this disk right now ... OK Disk /dev/sdc: 182401 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track Old situation: Units = cylinders of 8225280 bytes, blocks of 1024 bytes, counting from 0 Device Boot Start End #cyls #blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 0+ 182400 182401- 1465136001 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sdc2 0 - 0 0 0 Empty /dev/sdc3 0 - 0 0 0 Empty /dev/sdc4 0 - 0 0 0 Empty New situation: Units = sectors of 512 bytes, counting from 0 Device Boot Start End #sectors Id System /dev/sdc1 63 514079 514017 83 Linux /dev/sdc2 514080 1526174 1012095 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdc3 1526175 2930272064 2928745890 83 Linux /dev/sdc4 0 - 0 0 Empty Warning: no primary partition is marked bootable (active) This does not matter for LILO, but the DOS MBR will not boot this disk. Successfully wrote the new partition table Re-reading the partition table ... If you created or changed a DOS partition, /dev/foo7, say, then use dd(1) to zero the first 512 bytes: dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/foo7 bs=512 count=1 (See fdisk(8).) linux:/home/linux # mkfs -t ext3 -j /dev/sdc1 mke2fs 1.41.1 (01-Sep-2008) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=1024 (log=0) Fragment size=1024 (log=0) 64256 inodes, 257008 blocks 12850 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=1 Maximum filesystem blocks=67371008 32 block groups 8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group 2008 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (4096 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 20 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. linux:/home/linux # mkfs -t ext3 -j -m 0 -T largefile4 /dev/sdc3 mke2fs 1.41.1 (01-Sep-2008) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) 357536 inodes, 366093236 blocks 0 blocks (0.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=0 11173 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 32 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 102400000, 214990848 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 37 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. linux:/home/linux # mount /dev/sdc1 /mnt linux:/home/linux # dd if=/tmp/syb8634.nmt bs=60 skip=1 | (cd /mnt && tar xfz -) 403805+1 records in 403805+1 records out 24228316 bytes (24 MB) copied, 4.57992 s, 5.3 MB/s linux:/home/linux # umount /mnt linux:/home/linux # mount /dev/sdc3 /mnt linux:/home/linux # cd /mnt linux:/mnt # mkdir Photo Video Music linux:/mnt # chmod 777 Photo Video Music linux:/mnt # cd /home/linux linux:/home/linux # umount /mnt linux:/home/linux # /sbin/mkswap /dev/sdc2 Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 518188544 bytes linux:/home/linux #
在NMT上
[编辑]现在将NMT与PC断开,然后重启。在节目源中会出现‘HARD_DISK_A1’和‘HARD_DISK_A3’,那是因为NMT识别到硬盘中没有安装有nmt 应用软件。如果下面命令执行起来有问题,只需要稍稍修改即可。打开Telnet并连接到NMT。
使用以下命令:
# mount rootfs on / type rootfs (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw,nodiratime) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw) tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw) none on /sys type sysfs (rw) /dev/sda on /opt/sybhttpd/localhost.drives/USB_DRIVE_A type vfat (rw,nodiratime,uid=1001,gid=1001,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=cp437,iocharset=utf8) /dev/hda1 on /opt/sybhttpd/localhost.drives/HARD_DISK_A1 type ext3 (rw,data=ordered) /dev/hda3 on /opt/sybhttpd/localhost.drives/HARD_DISK_A3 type ext3 (rw,data=ordered) # umount /dev/hda1 # umount /dev/hda3 # cd /opt/sybhttpd/localhost.drives/ # rmdir HARD_DISK_A1 HARD_DISK_A3 # mkdir HARD_DISK # mount /dev/hda1 /mnt # mount /dev/hda3 /opt/sybhttpd/localhost.drives/HARD_DISK # cd HARD_DISK # chown nmt.nmt Music Photo Video # cd / # ln -s /opt/sybhttpd/localhost.drives/HARD_DISK /share # cd /etc # /etc/init_nmt start SHAREROOT=/opt/sybhttpd/localhost.drives/HARD_DISK Do chmod on /opt/sybhttpd/localhost.drives/HARD_DISK ... Got /share/Video... test: 2: unknown operand test: 2: unknown operand test: 2: unknown operand /etc Starting FTP Server...rm: cannot remove 'ms.pid': No such file or directory rm: cannot remove 'httpd.pid': No such file or directory Updating samba workgroup... Updating samba password...Starting samba/mnt/syb8634/server # /opt/sybhttpd/default/setups.cgi
此时在设置页面会出现‘内置服务器设置’这一项,可以进去打开任一项服务。
如果想要NMT识别到硬盘中已经安装了nmt应用软件,并且正确地在/mnt和/opt/sybhttpd/localhost.drives/HARD_DISK安装两个分区,下面几条命令会很有用。而仅仅用‘/etc/init_nmt start’来启动NMT往往不是很有效。
# cp /etc/hdinfo /mnt/.hdinfo # chown nmt.nmt /mnt/.hdinfo
现在在NMT上进入 ‘设置->固件更新->服务器最新软件升级’,就会出现‘典型设置’这一项,如果你还是不放心的话,可以重新安装一次nmt 应用软件。
最后,重启NMT。
# /sbin/reboot