人類生理學/女性生殖系統
Introduction
[編輯]Reproduction
[編輯]Similarities between male and female reproductive systems
[編輯]Differences between male and female reproductive systems
[編輯]External Genitals
[編輯]Internal Genitals
[編輯]Vagina
[編輯]Cervix
[編輯]Uterus
[編輯]Fallopian Tubes
[編輯]Mammary glands
[編輯]Structure
[編輯]The Female Reproductive Cycle
[編輯]Ovarian and Uterine Cycles in the Nonpregnant Woman
[編輯]Sexual Reproduction
[編輯]Infertility
[編輯]Primary vs. secondary
[編輯]Factors of Infertility
[編輯]Combined Infertility
[編輯]Unexplained Infertility
[編輯]Diagnosis of Infertility
[編輯]Treatment
[編輯]Types of Birth Control
[編輯]Sexually Transmitted Diseases
[編輯]Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
[編輯]Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
[編輯]Diseases and Disorders of the Female Reproductive System
[編輯]Check Your Understanding
[編輯]詞彙表
[編輯]Adhesions: Abnormal tissue that binds organs together
Alveoli: Basic components of the mammary glands; lined with milk-secreting epithelial cells
Birth Control: regimen of one or more actions, devices, or medications followed in order to deliberately prevent or reduce the likelihood of a woman becoming pregnant
Cervical Mucus: Mucus secreted by the cervix, near ovulation it helps to lower the acidity of the vagina
Cervix: Lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top of the vagina
Clitoris: Small body of spongy tissue that functions solely for sexual pleasure
Chromosomes: Structures in the nucleus that contain the genes for genetic expression
Ectocervix: Portion of the cervix projecting into vagina
Endocervical Canal: Passageway between the external os and the uterine cavity
Endometrium: The inner lining of the uterus
Fallopian Tubes: Located at the upper end of the vagina, passage way for the egg from the ovary
Factor V Leiden: This is the name given to a variant of human factor V that causes a hypercoagulability disorder. In this disorder the Leiden variant of factor V, cannot be inactivated by activated protein C. Factor V Leiden is the most common hereditary hypercoagulability disorder amongst Eurasians. It is named after the city Leiden (The Netherlands), where it was first identified in 1994 by Prof R. Bertina et al.
Gamete: A haploid sex cell; either an egg cell or a sperm cell
Gene: That portion of the DNA of a chromosome containing the information needed to synthesize a particular protein molecule
Gonad: A reproductive organ, testis or ovary that produces gametes and sex hormones
Hormone: A chemical substance produced in an endocrine gland and secreted into the bloodstream that acts on target cells to produce a specific effect
Hymen: Thin fold of mucous membrane that separates the lumen of the vagina from the urethral sinus
Infertility: Inability to naturally conceive a child or the inability to carry a pregnancy to term
Labia Majora: Outer "lips" of the vulva, made of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue with some smooth muscle
Labia Minora: Inner lips of the vulva, folds and protects the vagina, urethra and clitoris
Mammary Glands: Organs that produce milk for the sustenance of a baby
Meiosis: A specialized type of cell division by which gametes, or haploid sex cells, are formed
Menarche: The first menstrual discharge; occurs normally between the ages of 9 and 17
Menopause: The period marked by the cessation of menstrual periods in the human female
Menstrual Cycle: The rhythmic female reproductive cycle characterized by physical changes in the uterine lining
Menstruation: The discharge of blood and tissue from the uterus at the end of menstrual cycle
Mittelschmerz: Pain near the lower abdomen site at the time of ovulation; German for ovulation pain
Mons Veneris: soft mound at the front of the vulva (fatty tissue covering the pubic bone)
Ovarian Cycle: Last phase of the reproductive cycle; if no implantation occurs, causes the breakdown of the endometrial lining and causes menstruation
Ovulation: The rupture of an ovarian follicle with the release of an ovum
Perineum: External region between the scrotum and the anus in a male or between the vulva and anus in a female
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Time leading up to menstruation; includes both physical and emotional symptoms: acne, bloating, fatigue, backaches, sore breasts, headaches, constipation, diarrhea, food cravings, depression, irritability, difficulty concentrating or handling stress
Puberty: The period of development in which the reproductive organs become functional and the secondary sex characteristics are expressed
Reproduction: Process by which an organism continues its species
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs): diseases or infections that have a significant probability of transmission between humans by means of sexual contact
Urethra: Located below the clitoris, used for the passage of urine
Uterine Cycle: First part of the reproductive cycle; the time when the endrometrial lining builds up and follicles develop
Uterus: Major reproductive organ, receives fertilized eggs which become implanted in the lining, the lining (endometrium) provides nourishment to developing fetus; contains some of the strongest muscles in the female body and is able to stretch during fetus development
Vagina: Muscular, hollow tube that extends from the vaginal opening to the cervix
Vulva: External female genitals, includes labia majora, labia minora, mons pubis, clitoris, meatus, vaginal vestibule, vestibule bulbs and vestibular glands