分子生物学/术语表

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英文索引 中文名称 简明解释
3' end/5' end 3'末端/5'末端
3' flanking region
3' untranslated region 3'非翻译区
5' flanking region
5' untranslated region 5'非翻译区
Ablation experiment
Acrylamide gels
Agarose gels
Amp resistance
Anneal
Antibiotic resistance 抗生素抗性/抗菌素耐性
Anti-sense strand 翻译链 与mRNA互补的DNA链
AP-1 site
ATG or AUG
BAC (Bacterial Artificial Chromosome) 细菌人工染色体
Band shift assay 带偏移实验法
Bacteriophage lambda
Binding site 结合位点
Blotting 印迹
BP (base pair(s)) 碱基对
Cap
Cap site
CAT assay
CCAAT box
cDNA clone
Chromosome walking
Clone (verb) 克隆(动词)
Clone (noun) 克隆(名词)
Coding sequence 编码序列
Coding strand 编码链
Codon 密码子
Consensus sequence
Contig 重叠群
Cosmid 粘粒
DNase (Deoxyribonuclease) 脱氧核糖核酸酶
Dot blot
Downstream
E. coli 大肠杆菌
Electrophoresis
Endonuclease
Enhancer
ERE
Evolutionary Footprinting
Exon
Exonuclease
Expression
Expression clone
Footprinting
Gel electrophoresis
Gel shift assay
Gene
Genome
Genomic blot
Genomic clone
Genotype
GRE
Helix-loop-helix
hnRNA
Host strain (bacterial)
Hybridization
Insert
Intergenic
Intron
KB
Kinase
Knock-out experiment
Lambda
Leucine zipper
Library
Ligase
Ligation
Linker
Marker
Molecular weight size marker
Genetic marker
Message
Microsatellite
mRNA 信使核糖核酸
M13
Nick translation
Non-coding strand
Northern blot
NT
Nuclear run-on
Nuclease
Nuclease protection assay
Oncogene
Open reading frame
Origin of replication
pBR322
PCR 聚合酶链式反应
Phagemid
Plasmid 质粒
PolyA tail
Polymerase 聚合酶
Polymerase chain reaction 聚合酶链式反应
Post-transcriptional regulation 转录后调控
Post-translational processing 翻译后加工
Post-translational regulation 翻译后调控
PRE
Primary transcript
Primer 引物
Primer extension
Probe 探针
Processing
Promoter 啟動子
Proto-oncogene
Pulsed field gel electrophoresis
Random primed synthesis
Reading frame 阅读框
Repetitive DNA
Response element
Restriction
Restriction enzyme 限制酶
Restriction fragment
Restriction fragment length polymorphism
Restriction map
Restriction site 限制切位
Reverse transcriptase 反转录
RFLP
Ribonuclease 核糖核酸酶
Riboprobe
Ribosome 核糖体
RNAi
RNase RNA酶
RNase protection assay
rRNA 核糖体RNA
RT-PCR 反转录聚合酶链反应
Run-off
Run-on
S1 end mapping
S1 nuclease
Screening 筛选
Sense strand 正义链
Sequence 序列
Shotgun cloning
Shotgun sequencing 鸟枪法测序
siRNA 小干扰RNA
Slot blot
snRNA
snRNP
SNP (Single nucleotide polymorphism) 单核苷酸多态性 指在基因组水平上由单个核苷酸的变异所引起的DNA序列多态性。
Solution hybridization
Southern blot
SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) 简单重复序列
Stable transfection
Sticky ends
Stringency
Sub-cloning 亚克隆
Taq polymerase Taq 多聚酶
TATA box
Tet resistance
Tissue-specific expression
Tm
Transcription factor
Transcription 转录
Transfection 转染 细胞被纯病毒核酸感染,从而引起病毒在细胞中的繁殖
Transformation (with respect to bacteria)
Transformation (with respect to cultured cells)
Transgenic mouse 转基因小鼠
Transient transfection 瞬时转染
Translation 翻译
Tumor suppressor 肿瘤抑制基因
tRNA 转运RNA
Upstream activator sequence
Upstream/Downstream 上/下游
Vector 载体
Western blot 蛋白质印迹
YAC (Yeast artificial chromosome) 酵母人工染色体
Zinc finger 锌指结构

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