TCC使用指南
本页面介绍的是 Tiny C Compiler 的使用资讯。
程式安装
[编辑]- Windows环境安装，设定与测试
将win32压缩档案0.9.26-win32位元版本解压缩于任意目录下皆可以（其他版本0.9.26-win64位元版本，0.9.26 Linux版本与原始码档），这里是示范于windows系统C磁碟下范例
C:\TCC或C:\>MD TCC<enter>
设定系统环境参数，新增
變數名稱：TCC 參數為：C:\TCC
增加路径
變數名稱：path
參數：{原有的路徑參數};%TCC%;
测试：开启命令提示字元（Command Prompt） 于任一目录下输入TCC -version，即显示如下
Microsoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600] (C) Copyright 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp. C:\TCC -version <enter> tcc version 0.9.26 (i386 Win32)
或
C:\TCC -version <enter> tcc version 0.9.27 (x86_64 Windows)
往后即可于任一目录下编译C语言程式码
使用方式
[编辑]- 可以相同于一般的命令列C语言软体的使用方式
- 编译方式
于Windows下编译
C:\>tcc <filename.c>
或是
C:\>tcc -run <filename.c>
提示：以"-run"方式来编译程式，编译结果祗会存放于记忆中而己，执行完毕后即释放，而不会产生对应的执行档（即EXE）。
于Linux/Unix Like下编译
/usr/local/bin/tcc <filename.c>
或是
/usr/local/bin/tcc -run <filename.c>
同前述"-run"的提示。
指令查询
[编辑]可于DOS/Windows命令提示字元下，或是于Linux/Unix Like下键入
C:\>TCC <enter>或是[folder name]$ TCC <center>
64位元版本即会得到如下说明语法：
C:\tcc -version <enter>
tcc version 0.9.26 (x86-64 Win64)
C:\tcc <enter>
tcc version 0.9.26 - Tiny C Compiler - Copyright (C) 2001-2006 Fabrice Bellard
Usage: tcc [options...] [-o outfile] [-c] infile(s)...
tcc [options...] -run infile [arguments...]
General options:
-c compile only - generate an object file
-o outfile set output filename
-run run compiled source
-fflag set or reset (with 'no-' prefix) 'flag' (see man page)
-Wwarning set or reset (with 'no-' prefix) 'warning' (see man page)
-w disable all warnings
-v show version
-vv show included files (as sole argument: show search paths)
-dumpversion
-bench show compilation statistics
Preprocessor options:
-E preprocess only
-Idir add include path 'dir'
-Dsym[=val] define 'sym' with value 'val'
-Usym undefine 'sym'
Linker options:
-Ldir add library path 'dir'
-llib link with dynamic or static library 'lib'
-pthread link with -lpthread and -D_REENTRANT (POSIX Linux)
-r generate (relocatable) object file
-rdynamic export all global symbols to dynamic linker
-shared generate a shared library
-soname set name for shared library to be used at runtime
-static static linking
-Wl,-opt[=val] set linker option (see manual)
Debugger options:
-g generate runtime debug info
-b compile with built-in memory and bounds checker (implies -g)
-bt N show N callers in stack traces
Misc options:
-nostdinc do not use standard system include paths
-nostdlib do not link with standard crt and libraries
-Bdir use 'dir' as tcc internal library and include path
-MD generate target dependencies for make
-MF depfile put generated dependencies here
64位元版本即会得到如下说明语法：
C:\Program Files\tcc>tcc
Tiny C Compiler 0.9.27 - Copyright (C) 2001-2006 Fabrice Bellard
Usage: tcc [options...] [-o outfile] [-c] infile(s)...
tcc [options...] -run infile [arguments...]
General options:
-c compile only - generate an object file
-o outfile set output filename
-run run compiled source
-fflag set or reset (with 'no-' prefix) 'flag' (see tcc -hh)
-Wwarning set or reset (with 'no-' prefix) 'warning' (see tcc -hh)
-w disable all warnings
-v -vv show version, show search paths or loaded files
-h -hh show this, show more help
-bench show compilation statistics
- use stdin pipe as infile
@listfile read arguments from listfile
Preprocessor options:
-Idir add include path 'dir'
-Dsym[=val] define 'sym' with value 'val'
-Usym undefine 'sym'
-E preprocess only
Linker options:
-Ldir add library path 'dir'
-llib link with dynamic or static library 'lib'
-r generate (relocatable) object file
-shared generate a shared library/dll
-rdynamic export all global symbols to dynamic linker
-soname set name for shared library to be used at runtime
-Wl,-opt[=val] set linker option (see tcc -hh)
Debugger options:
-g generate runtime debug info
-b compile with built-in memory and bounds checker (implies -g)
-bt N show N callers in stack traces
Misc. options:
-x[c|a|n] specify type of the next infile
-nostdinc do not use standard system include paths
-nostdlib do not link with standard crt and libraries
-Bdir set tcc's private include/library dir
-MD generate dependency file for make
-MF file specify dependency file name
-m32/64 defer to i386/x86_64 cross compiler
Tools:
create library : tcc -ar [rcsv] lib.a files
create def file : tcc -impdef lib.dll [-v] [-o lib.def]
档案大小
[编辑]网路上Demon's Blog亦有测试资讯，以Borland C Compiler 5.5（BCC, Command-line, Freeware）, Visual C++ 6.0与Tiny C Compiler来比较编译后的档案大小。
编译结果为：
- 用Borland C Compiler 5.5编译结果为 51.0 KB（52,224 bytes）
- 用Visual C++ 6.0编译结果为 40.0 KB（40,960 bytes）
- 用TCC 0.9.25(win32)/0.9.26(win32)编译结果为 1.50 KB（1,536 bytes）
- 用TCC 0.9.26(win64)/0.9.27(win64)编译结果为 2.0 KB（2,048 bytes）
程式编译
[编辑]基本编译
[编辑]测试编译程式码为：
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
printf("Hello, world\n");
return 0;
}
存成档案"hello.c"，接著编译程式
C:\tcc hello.c <enter>
若没有其他资讯，则是编译完成，接著执行程式
C:\hello <enter> Hello, world!
或是于编译（32位元）时增加参数，有多的资讯可以参考如下：
C:\tcc -v -bench hellow.c <enter>
32位元编译时资讯如下：
tcc version 0.9.26 (i386 Win32) -> hellow.c 1245 idents, 1235 lines, 48252 bytes, 0.001 s, 1234999 lines/s, 48.3 MB/s <- hellow.exe (1536 bytes)
64位元编译时资讯如下：
tcc version 0.9.26 (x86-64 Win64) -> hellow.c 1275 idents, 1234 lines, 48241 bytes, 0.001 s, 1234000 lines/s, 48.2 MB/s <- hellow.exe (2048 bytes)
(新版)64位元编译时资讯如下：
tcc version 0.9.27 (x86_64 Windows) -> hellow.c <- hellow.exe (5120 bytes) * 20240 idents, 24604 lines, 906348 bytes * 0.031 s, 793677 lines/s, 29.2 MB/s
编译测试
[编辑]以有错误的程式码测试如下：
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
printf("Hello, world\n);
}
测试编译时，结果如下：
tcc version 0.9.26 (i386 Win32) -> hellow.c hellow.c:5: error: missing terminating " character
记忆体编译
[编辑]如使用记忆体内编译（32位元）方式时，方法与结果如下：
C:\tcc -v -bench -run hellow.c <enter> tcc version 0.9.26 (i386 Win32) -> hellow.c 1246 idents, 1235 lines, 48251 bytes, 0.001 s, 1234999 lines/s, 48.3 MB/s Hello, world!
另外使用记忆体内编译（64位元）方式时，方法与结果如下：
C:\tcc -v -bench -run hellow.c <enter> tcc version 0.9.26 (x86-64 Win64) -> hellow.c 1275 idents, 1234 lines, 48241 bytes, 0.001 s, 1234000 lines/s, 48.2 MB/s Hello, world!
DLL程式编译
[编辑]以内附"Hello DLL"范例说明，该程式有两个档案dll.c与hello_dll.c，dll.c编译完成后产生dll.dll，再以hello_dll.c来呼叫dll.dll dll.c程式码如下
//+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// dll.c - Windows DLL example - dynamically linked part
//
#include <windows.h>
#define DLL_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
DLL_EXPORT void HelloWorld (void)
{
MessageBox (0, "Hello World!", "From DLL", MB_ICONINFORMATION);
}
hello_dll.c程式码如下
//+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// HELLO_DLL.C - Windows DLL example - main application part
//
#include <windows.h>
void HelloWorld (void);
int WINAPI WinMain(
HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR lpCmdLine,
int nCmdShow)
{
HelloWorld();
return 0;
}
编译方式如下： 1. 首先以指令 -shared 来编译dll.c档案
C:\tcc -shared dll.c <enter>
产生dll.def与dll.dll 两个档案
2. 接著再以tiny_impdef.exe来import产生的dll.dll档案。
C:\tiny_impdef dll.dll <enter>
3. 最后以主程式 hello_dll.c来连结dll.def档案
C:\tcc hello_dll.c dll.def <enter>
产生hello_dll.exe档案，执行hello_dll.exe档即可看到结果。
新版本0.9.27的DLL编译指令使用如下：
c:\tcc -shared dll.c
c:\tcc -impdef dll.dll
c:\tcc hello_dll.c dll.def
即可如上产生hello_dll.exe档案。
编译windows程式使用Win32 API
[编辑]以内附"Hello WIN"范例说明
//+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// HELLO_WIN.C - Windows GUI 'Hello World!' Example
//
//+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include <windows.h>
#define APPNAME "HELLO_WIN"
char szAppName[] = APPNAME; // The name of this application
char szTitle[] = APPNAME; // The title bar text
const char *pWindowText;
void CenterWindow(HWND hWnd);
//+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Function: WndProc
//
// Synopsis: very unusual type of function - gets called by system to
// process windows messages.
//
// Arguments: same as always.
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch (message) {
// ----------------------- first and last
case WM_CREATE:
CenterWindow(hwnd);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
// ----------------------- get out of it...
case WM_RBUTTONUP:
DestroyWindow(hwnd);
break;
case WM_KEYDOWN:
if (VK_ESCAPE == wParam)
DestroyWindow(hwnd);
break;
// ----------------------- display our minimal info
case WM_PAINT:
{
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
HDC hdc;
RECT rc;
hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
GetClientRect(hwnd, &rc);
SetTextColor(hdc, RGB(240,240,96));
SetBkMode(hdc, TRANSPARENT);
DrawText(hdc, pWindowText, -1, &rc, DT_CENTER|DT_SINGLELINE|DT_VCENTER);
EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
break;
}
// ----------------------- let windows do all other stuff
default:
return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
return 0;
}
//+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Function: WinMain
//
// Synopsis: standard entrypoint for GUI Win32 apps
//
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
int APIENTRY WinMain(
HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR lpCmdLine,
int nCmdShow
)
{
MSG msg;
WNDCLASS wc;
HWND hwnd;
pWindowText = lpCmdLine[0] ? lpCmdLine : "Hello Windows!";
// Fill in window class structure with parameters that describe
// the main window.
ZeroMemory(&wc, sizeof wc);
wc.hInstance = hInstance;
wc.lpszClassName = szAppName;
wc.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC)WndProc;
wc.style = CS_DBLCLKS|CS_VREDRAW|CS_HREDRAW;
wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH);
wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
if (FALSE == RegisterClass(&wc))
return 0;
// create the browser
hwnd = CreateWindow(
szAppName,
szTitle,
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_VISIBLE,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
360,//CW_USEDEFAULT,
240,//CW_USEDEFAULT,
0,
0,
hInstance,
0);
if (NULL == hwnd)
return 0;
// Main message loop:
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0) > 0) {
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
//+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CenterWindow(HWND hwnd_self)
{
HWND hwnd_parent;
RECT rw_self, rc_parent, rw_parent;
int xpos, ypos;
hwnd_parent = GetParent(hwnd_self);
if (NULL == hwnd_parent)
hwnd_parent = GetDesktopWindow();
GetWindowRect(hwnd_parent, &rw_parent);
GetClientRect(hwnd_parent, &rc_parent);
GetWindowRect(hwnd_self, &rw_self);
xpos = rw_parent.left + (rc_parent.right + rw_self.left - rw_self.right) / 2;
ypos = rw_parent.top + (rc_parent.bottom + rw_self.top - rw_self.bottom) / 2;
SetWindowPos(
hwnd_self, NULL,
xpos, ypos, 0, 0,
SWP_NOSIZE|SWP_NOZORDER|SWP_NOACTIVATE
);
}
//+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
编译方式相同一般的C语言程式
C:\tcc hello_win.c 結果產生一hello_win.exe檔案
执行该hello_win.exe，即可看到以Win32 API编写的Windows程式
使用组合语言
[编辑]TinyCC即整合了Assembly于其中，使用TinyCC assembler的语法相容于GNU assembler即可，但是使用时仍是有限制条件如下：
相关支援的组合语言语法如下列所示：
.align n[,value] .skip n[,value] .space n[,value] .byte value1[,...] .word value1[,...] .short value1[,...] .int value1[,...] .long value1[,...] .quad immediate_value1[,...] .globl symbol .global symbol .section section .text .data .bss .fill repeat[,size[,value]] .org n .previous .string string[,...] .asciz string[,...] .ascii string[,...]
注意事项
[编辑]为方便编译，要将TCC原始码内的libtcc.h于置于include内。