TCC使用指南
本頁面介紹的是 Tiny C Compiler 的使用資訊。
程式安裝
[編輯]- Windows環境安裝，設定與測試
將win32壓縮檔案0.9.26-win32位元版本解壓縮於任意目錄下皆可以（其他版本0.9.26-win64位元版本，0.9.26 Linux版本與原始碼檔），這裏是示範於windows系統C磁碟下範例
C:\TCC或C:\>MD TCC<enter>
設定系統環境參數，新增
變數名稱：TCC 參數為：C:\TCC
增加路徑
變數名稱：path
參數：{原有的路徑參數};%TCC%;
測試：開啟命令提示字元（Command Prompt） 於任一目錄下輸入TCC -version，即顯示如下
Microsoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600] (C) Copyright 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp. C:\TCC -version <enter> tcc version 0.9.26 (i386 Win32)
或
C:\TCC -version <enter> tcc version 0.9.27 (x86_64 Windows)
往後即可於任一目錄下編譯C語言程式碼
使用方式
[編輯]- 可以相同於一般的命令列C語言軟件的使用方式
- 編譯方式
於Windows下編譯
C:\>tcc <filename.c>
或是
C:\>tcc -run <filename.c>
提示：以"-run"方式來編譯程式，編譯結果祗會存放於記憶中而己，執行完畢後即釋放，而不會產生對應的執行檔（即EXE）。
於Linux/Unix Like下編譯
/usr/local/bin/tcc <filename.c>
或是
/usr/local/bin/tcc -run <filename.c>
同前述"-run"的提示。
指令查詢
[編輯]可於DOS/Windows命令提示字元下，或是於Linux/Unix Like下鍵入
C:\>TCC <enter>或是[folder name]$ TCC <center>
64位元版本即會得到如下說明語法：
C:\tcc -version <enter>
tcc version 0.9.26 (x86-64 Win64)
C:\tcc <enter>
tcc version 0.9.26 - Tiny C Compiler - Copyright (C) 2001-2006 Fabrice Bellard
Usage: tcc [options...] [-o outfile] [-c] infile(s)...
tcc [options...] -run infile [arguments...]
General options:
-c compile only - generate an object file
-o outfile set output filename
-run run compiled source
-fflag set or reset (with 'no-' prefix) 'flag' (see man page)
-Wwarning set or reset (with 'no-' prefix) 'warning' (see man page)
-w disable all warnings
-v show version
-vv show included files (as sole argument: show search paths)
-dumpversion
-bench show compilation statistics
Preprocessor options:
-E preprocess only
-Idir add include path 'dir'
-Dsym[=val] define 'sym' with value 'val'
-Usym undefine 'sym'
Linker options:
-Ldir add library path 'dir'
-llib link with dynamic or static library 'lib'
-pthread link with -lpthread and -D_REENTRANT (POSIX Linux)
-r generate (relocatable) object file
-rdynamic export all global symbols to dynamic linker
-shared generate a shared library
-soname set name for shared library to be used at runtime
-static static linking
-Wl,-opt[=val] set linker option (see manual)
Debugger options:
-g generate runtime debug info
-b compile with built-in memory and bounds checker (implies -g)
-bt N show N callers in stack traces
Misc options:
-nostdinc do not use standard system include paths
-nostdlib do not link with standard crt and libraries
-Bdir use 'dir' as tcc internal library and include path
-MD generate target dependencies for make
-MF depfile put generated dependencies here
64位元版本即會得到如下說明語法：
C:\Program Files\tcc>tcc
Tiny C Compiler 0.9.27 - Copyright (C) 2001-2006 Fabrice Bellard
Usage: tcc [options...] [-o outfile] [-c] infile(s)...
tcc [options...] -run infile [arguments...]
General options:
-c compile only - generate an object file
-o outfile set output filename
-run run compiled source
-fflag set or reset (with 'no-' prefix) 'flag' (see tcc -hh)
-Wwarning set or reset (with 'no-' prefix) 'warning' (see tcc -hh)
-w disable all warnings
-v -vv show version, show search paths or loaded files
-h -hh show this, show more help
-bench show compilation statistics
- use stdin pipe as infile
@listfile read arguments from listfile
Preprocessor options:
-Idir add include path 'dir'
-Dsym[=val] define 'sym' with value 'val'
-Usym undefine 'sym'
-E preprocess only
Linker options:
-Ldir add library path 'dir'
-llib link with dynamic or static library 'lib'
-r generate (relocatable) object file
-shared generate a shared library/dll
-rdynamic export all global symbols to dynamic linker
-soname set name for shared library to be used at runtime
-Wl,-opt[=val] set linker option (see tcc -hh)
Debugger options:
-g generate runtime debug info
-b compile with built-in memory and bounds checker (implies -g)
-bt N show N callers in stack traces
Misc. options:
-x[c|a|n] specify type of the next infile
-nostdinc do not use standard system include paths
-nostdlib do not link with standard crt and libraries
-Bdir set tcc's private include/library dir
-MD generate dependency file for make
-MF file specify dependency file name
-m32/64 defer to i386/x86_64 cross compiler
Tools:
create library : tcc -ar [rcsv] lib.a files
create def file : tcc -impdef lib.dll [-v] [-o lib.def]
檔案大小
[編輯]網絡上Demon's Blog亦有測試資訊，以Borland C Compiler 5.5（BCC, Command-line, Freeware）, Visual C++ 6.0與Tiny C Compiler來比較編譯後的檔案大小。
編譯結果為：
- 用Borland C Compiler 5.5編譯結果為 51.0 KB（52,224 bytes）
- 用Visual C++ 6.0編譯結果為 40.0 KB（40,960 bytes）
- 用TCC 0.9.25(win32)/0.9.26(win32)編譯結果為 1.50 KB（1,536 bytes）
- 用TCC 0.9.26(win64)/0.9.27(win64)編譯結果為 2.0 KB（2,048 bytes）
程式編譯
[編輯]基本編譯
[編輯]測試編譯程式碼為：
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
printf("Hello, world\n");
return 0;
}
存成檔案"hello.c"，接着編譯程式
C:\tcc hello.c <enter>
若沒有其他資訊，則是編譯完成，接着執行程式
C:\hello <enter> Hello, world!
或是於編譯（32位元）時增加參數，有多的資訊可以參考如下：
C:\tcc -v -bench hellow.c <enter>
32位元編譯時資訊如下：
tcc version 0.9.26 (i386 Win32) -> hellow.c 1245 idents, 1235 lines, 48252 bytes, 0.001 s, 1234999 lines/s, 48.3 MB/s <- hellow.exe (1536 bytes)
64位元編譯時資訊如下：
tcc version 0.9.26 (x86-64 Win64) -> hellow.c 1275 idents, 1234 lines, 48241 bytes, 0.001 s, 1234000 lines/s, 48.2 MB/s <- hellow.exe (2048 bytes)
(新版)64位元編譯時資訊如下：
tcc version 0.9.27 (x86_64 Windows) -> hellow.c <- hellow.exe (5120 bytes) * 20240 idents, 24604 lines, 906348 bytes * 0.031 s, 793677 lines/s, 29.2 MB/s
編譯測試
[編輯]以有錯誤的程式碼測試如下：
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
printf("Hello, world\n);
}
測試編譯時，結果如下：
tcc version 0.9.26 (i386 Win32) -> hellow.c hellow.c:5: error: missing terminating " character
記憶體編譯
[編輯]如使用記憶體內編譯（32位元）方式時，方法與結果如下：
C:\tcc -v -bench -run hellow.c <enter> tcc version 0.9.26 (i386 Win32) -> hellow.c 1246 idents, 1235 lines, 48251 bytes, 0.001 s, 1234999 lines/s, 48.3 MB/s Hello, world!
另外使用記憶體內編譯（64位元）方式時，方法與結果如下：
C:\tcc -v -bench -run hellow.c <enter> tcc version 0.9.26 (x86-64 Win64) -> hellow.c 1275 idents, 1234 lines, 48241 bytes, 0.001 s, 1234000 lines/s, 48.2 MB/s Hello, world!
DLL程式編譯
[編輯]以內附"Hello DLL"範例說明，該程式有兩個檔案dll.c與hello_dll.c，dll.c編譯完成後產生dll.dll，再以hello_dll.c來呼叫dll.dll dll.c程式碼如下
//+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// dll.c - Windows DLL example - dynamically linked part
//
#include <windows.h>
#define DLL_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
DLL_EXPORT void HelloWorld (void)
{
MessageBox (0, "Hello World!", "From DLL", MB_ICONINFORMATION);
}
hello_dll.c程式碼如下
//+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// HELLO_DLL.C - Windows DLL example - main application part
//
#include <windows.h>
void HelloWorld (void);
int WINAPI WinMain(
HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR lpCmdLine,
int nCmdShow)
{
HelloWorld();
return 0;
}
編譯方式如下： 1. 首先以指令 -shared 來編譯dll.c檔案
C:\tcc -shared dll.c <enter>
產生dll.def與dll.dll 兩個檔案
2. 接着再以tiny_impdef.exe來import產生的dll.dll檔案。
C:\tiny_impdef dll.dll <enter>
3. 最後以主程式 hello_dll.c來連結dll.def檔案
C:\tcc hello_dll.c dll.def <enter>
產生hello_dll.exe檔案，執行hello_dll.exe檔即可看到結果。
新版本0.9.27的DLL編譯指令使用如下：
c:\tcc -shared dll.c
c:\tcc -impdef dll.dll
c:\tcc hello_dll.c dll.def
即可如上產生hello_dll.exe檔案。
編譯windows程式使用Win32 API
[編輯]以內附"Hello WIN"範例說明
//+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// HELLO_WIN.C - Windows GUI 'Hello World!' Example
//
//+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include <windows.h>
#define APPNAME "HELLO_WIN"
char szAppName[] = APPNAME; // The name of this application
char szTitle[] = APPNAME; // The title bar text
const char *pWindowText;
void CenterWindow(HWND hWnd);
//+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Function: WndProc
//
// Synopsis: very unusual type of function - gets called by system to
// process windows messages.
//
// Arguments: same as always.
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch (message) {
// ----------------------- first and last
case WM_CREATE:
CenterWindow(hwnd);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
// ----------------------- get out of it...
case WM_RBUTTONUP:
DestroyWindow(hwnd);
break;
case WM_KEYDOWN:
if (VK_ESCAPE == wParam)
DestroyWindow(hwnd);
break;
// ----------------------- display our minimal info
case WM_PAINT:
{
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
HDC hdc;
RECT rc;
hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
GetClientRect(hwnd, &rc);
SetTextColor(hdc, RGB(240,240,96));
SetBkMode(hdc, TRANSPARENT);
DrawText(hdc, pWindowText, -1, &rc, DT_CENTER|DT_SINGLELINE|DT_VCENTER);
EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
break;
}
// ----------------------- let windows do all other stuff
default:
return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
return 0;
}
//+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Function: WinMain
//
// Synopsis: standard entrypoint for GUI Win32 apps
//
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
int APIENTRY WinMain(
HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR lpCmdLine,
int nCmdShow
)
{
MSG msg;
WNDCLASS wc;
HWND hwnd;
pWindowText = lpCmdLine[0] ? lpCmdLine : "Hello Windows!";
// Fill in window class structure with parameters that describe
// the main window.
ZeroMemory(&wc, sizeof wc);
wc.hInstance = hInstance;
wc.lpszClassName = szAppName;
wc.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC)WndProc;
wc.style = CS_DBLCLKS|CS_VREDRAW|CS_HREDRAW;
wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH);
wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
if (FALSE == RegisterClass(&wc))
return 0;
// create the browser
hwnd = CreateWindow(
szAppName,
szTitle,
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_VISIBLE,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
360,//CW_USEDEFAULT,
240,//CW_USEDEFAULT,
0,
0,
hInstance,
0);
if (NULL == hwnd)
return 0;
// Main message loop:
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0) > 0) {
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
//+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CenterWindow(HWND hwnd_self)
{
HWND hwnd_parent;
RECT rw_self, rc_parent, rw_parent;
int xpos, ypos;
hwnd_parent = GetParent(hwnd_self);
if (NULL == hwnd_parent)
hwnd_parent = GetDesktopWindow();
GetWindowRect(hwnd_parent, &rw_parent);
GetClientRect(hwnd_parent, &rc_parent);
GetWindowRect(hwnd_self, &rw_self);
xpos = rw_parent.left + (rc_parent.right + rw_self.left - rw_self.right) / 2;
ypos = rw_parent.top + (rc_parent.bottom + rw_self.top - rw_self.bottom) / 2;
SetWindowPos(
hwnd_self, NULL,
xpos, ypos, 0, 0,
SWP_NOSIZE|SWP_NOZORDER|SWP_NOACTIVATE
);
}
//+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
編譯方式相同一般的C語言程式
C:\tcc hello_win.c 結果產生一hello_win.exe檔案
執行該hello_win.exe，即可看到以Win32 API編寫的Windows程式
使用組合語言
[編輯]TinyCC即整合了Assembly於其中，使用TinyCC assembler的語法相容於GNU assembler即可，但是使用時仍是有限制條件如下：
相關支援的組合語言語法如下列所示：
.align n[,value] .skip n[,value] .space n[,value] .byte value1[,...] .word value1[,...] .short value1[,...] .int value1[,...] .long value1[,...] .quad immediate_value1[,...] .globl symbol .global symbol .section section .text .data .bss .fill repeat[,size[,value]] .org n .previous .string string[,...] .asciz string[,...] .ascii string[,...]
注意事項
[編輯]為方便編譯，要將TCC原始碼內的libtcc.h於置於include內。