人類生理學/遺傳
< 人類生理學
簡介
[編輯]DNA
[編輯]基因
[編輯]遺傳學
[編輯]轉錄與轉譯
[編輯]Inheritance
[編輯]Mechanisms of inheritance
[編輯]單因子遺傳
[編輯]多因子遺傳
[編輯]性聯遺傳
[編輯]Exceptions to simple inheritance
[編輯]Polygenic Traits
[編輯]Intermediate Expressions
[編輯]Co-dominance
[編輯]Multiple-Allele Series
[編輯]Modifying and Regulator Genes
[編輯]Incomplete penetrates
[編輯]遺傳性基因疾病
[編輯]血色素沉著症（hemochromatosis）
[編輯]血色素沉著症的治療
[編輯]囊性纖維化（Cystic Fibrosis，CF）
[編輯]囊性纖維化的治療
[編輯]鐮刀型紅血球貧血
[編輯]鐮刀型紅血球貧血的治療
[編輯]血友病（Hemophilia）
[編輯]血友病的治療
[編輯]非遺傳性基因疾病
[編輯]突變基因
[編輯]基因工程
[編輯]基因治療
[編輯]Genetic Regulation of Development and Homeostasis
[編輯]詞彙表
[編輯]- 等位基因（Allele）
- one member of a pair of genes that occupy a specific position on a specific chromosome
- 體染色體（Autosome）
- chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
- 染色體（Chromosome）
- threadlike strand of DNA and associated proteins in the nucleus of cells that carries the genes and functions in the transmission of heredity information
- 囊性纖維化（Cystic Fibrosis）
- recessive genetic disorder affecting the mucus lining of the lungs, leading to breathing problems and other difficulties
- 胎兒酒精症候群（Fetal Alcohol Syndrome）
- combination of birth defects resulting form high (sometimes low) alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy
- 基因（Gene）
- is a segment of nucleic acid that contains the information necessary to produce a functional product, usually a protein.
- 遺傳學（Genetics）
- is the science of genes, heredity, and the variation of organisms.
- 基因組（Genome）
- complete set of genetic information of an organism including DNA and RNA
- 基因型（Genotype）
- actual set of genes an organism has. It is the blue print of gentic material.
- 血色病（Hemochromatosis）
- metabolic disorder that causes increased absorption of iron, which is deposited in the body tissues and organs; the iron accumulates in the body where it may become toxic and causes damage
- 血紅蛋白（Hemoglobin）
- component of red blood cells that carries oxygen
- 血友病（Hemophilia）
- group of heredity disorders in which affected individuals fail to make
enough of certain proteins needed to form blood clots
- 繼承（Inheritance）
- characteristics given to a child by a parent
- 基因修改（Modifying Gene）
- alters how other genes are expressed in the phenotype
Multifactorial Inheritance: trait or disorder determined by multiple genes and/or environmental effects
- 表型（Phenotype）
- organisms physical appearance
- 多基因（Polygenic）
- trait whose expression is influenced by more than one gene
- 調節基因（Regulator Genes）
- initiate or block the expression of other genes.
- 性聯（Sex-linked）
- pertaining to a trait of a disorder determined by the sex chromosome in a persons cells or by the genes carried on those chromosomes
- 鐮狀細胞性貧血（Sickle Cell Anemia）
- recessive disorder in which red blood cells take on an unusual shape, leading to other problems with the blood
- 合成（Synthesize）
- to make using biochemical processes
Unifactorial Inheritance: trait or disorder determined by a single pair of genes
- 合子（Zygote）
- cell formed by the union of male and female gametes. A Zygote is a cell that is the result of fertilization.