人类生理学/遗传
< 人類生理學
简介
[编辑]DNA
[编辑]基因
[编辑]遗传学
[编辑]转录与转译
[编辑]Inheritance
[编辑]Mechanisms of inheritance
[编辑]单因子遗传
[编辑]多因子遗传
[编辑]性联遗传
[编辑]Exceptions to simple inheritance
[编辑]Polygenic Traits
[编辑]Intermediate Expressions
[编辑]Co-dominance
[编辑]Multiple-Allele Series
[编辑]Modifying and Regulator Genes
[编辑]Incomplete penetrates
[编辑]遗传性基因疾病
[编辑]血色素沉着症（hemochromatosis）
[编辑]血色素沉着症的治疗
[编辑]囊性纤维化（Cystic Fibrosis，CF）
[编辑]囊性纤维化的治疗
[编辑]镰刀型红血球贫血
[编辑]镰刀型红血球贫血的治疗
[编辑]血友病（Hemophilia）
[编辑]血友病的治疗
[编辑]非遗传性基因疾病
[编辑]突变基因
[编辑]基因工程
[编辑]基因治疗
[编辑]Genetic Regulation of Development and Homeostasis
[编辑]词汇表
[编辑]- 等位基因（Allele）
- one member of a pair of genes that occupy a specific position on a specific chromosome
- 体染色体（Autosome）
- chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
- 染色体（Chromosome）
- threadlike strand of DNA and associated proteins in the nucleus of cells that carries the genes and functions in the transmission of heredity information
- 囊性纤维化（Cystic Fibrosis）
- recessive genetic disorder affecting the mucus lining of the lungs, leading to breathing problems and other difficulties
- 胎儿酒精症候群（Fetal Alcohol Syndrome）
- combination of birth defects resulting form high (sometimes low) alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy
- 基因（Gene）
- is a segment of nucleic acid that contains the information necessary to produce a functional product, usually a protein.
- 遗传学（Genetics）
- is the science of genes, heredity, and the variation of organisms.
- 基因组（Genome）
- complete set of genetic information of an organism including DNA and RNA
- 基因型（Genotype）
- actual set of genes an organism has. It is the blue print of gentic material.
- 血色病（Hemochromatosis）
- metabolic disorder that causes increased absorption of iron, which is deposited in the body tissues and organs; the iron accumulates in the body where it may become toxic and causes damage
- 血红蛋白（Hemoglobin）
- component of red blood cells that carries oxygen
- 血友病（Hemophilia）
- group of heredity disorders in which affected individuals fail to make
enough of certain proteins needed to form blood clots
- 继承（Inheritance）
- characteristics given to a child by a parent
- 基因修改（Modifying Gene）
- alters how other genes are expressed in the phenotype
Multifactorial Inheritance: trait or disorder determined by multiple genes and/or environmental effects
- 表型（Phenotype）
- organisms physical appearance
- 多基因（Polygenic）
- trait whose expression is influenced by more than one gene
- 调节基因（Regulator Genes）
- initiate or block the expression of other genes.
- 性联（Sex-linked）
- pertaining to a trait of a disorder determined by the sex chromosome in a persons cells or by the genes carried on those chromosomes
- 镰状细胞性贫血（Sickle Cell Anemia）
- recessive disorder in which red blood cells take on an unusual shape, leading to other problems with the blood
- 合成（Synthesize）
- to make using biochemical processes
Unifactorial Inheritance: trait or disorder determined by a single pair of genes
- 合子（Zygote）
- cell formed by the union of male and female gametes. A Zygote is a cell that is the result of fertilization.