LaTeX/生成封面和標題

很多情況下，用戶可能希望創建自己的標題格式，而非沿用LaTeX預設的格式。對於一些如基本文章(basic articles)這樣的短文檔， \maketitle 通常是滿足要求的，但是對於書籍和報告這類長文檔，經常會涉及到更多的格式要求。 雖然可以改變\maketitle的輸出，但是這一方式，即使對標題進行少量的修改可能都是一個複雜的過程。 這時通過scratch創建標題通常是更好的選擇, 本部分我們對如何實現這一工作進行說明。

標準標題頁面

多數文檔類型提供了簡單界面，在這一界面中存儲了標題顯示以及排版的細節。標準的類型只提供了四種 storing命令(\title, \author \thanks and \date)。用戶可以存儲希望在標題中顯示的「任意」信息，包括格式。

實際標題的排版由命令 \maketitle來進行排版。 具體的布局由使用的文檔類型來決定。

\documentclass{article}% use option titlepage to get the title on a page of its own. \usepackage{blindtext} \title{The Triangulation of Titling Data in Non-Linear Gaussian Fashion via $\rho$ Series\thanks{No procrastination}} \date{2017\\ December} \author{John Doe\\ Magic Department\thanks{I am no longer a member of this department}, Richard Miles University \and Richard Row, \LaTeX\ Academy} \begin{document} \maketitle \section{Introduction} \blindtext \end{document}

\thanks  命令会存储内容，并生成与标题对应的脚注。正如其命令名称所显示的，该命令可以用来对某人致谢。也可以在脚注中打印电子邮件地址或者类似的内容。 

作者名字使用\and命令分隔，允許作者姓名並列輸出。在上例中，由於橫向空間不足，作者名字無法在同一行顯示。

如果 \date 命令沒有定義，Latex會輸出當前日期。 如果不希望顯示日期，使用 \date{}命令，該命令存儲的是空的字符串。

存儲標題數據的命令可以在文檔開始時使用，因為 \maketitle 並不實際輸出， 所以應該在 \begin{document}命令「之後」使用。一般來說，標題佔據着文檔的首位。

請注意下面對應 KOMA-script 和 memoir 文件類別的例子。兩者均給出了（不同）的命令來改變標題的形式。後面會介紹如何完全設計自定義的標題頁。

\documentclass{scrbook} \setkomafont{author}{\scshape} \usepackage{blindtext} \title{How hard would it be to build a spaceship from scrap} \author{Carl Capybara\thanks{I never procrastinate} \and Walter Wombat} \subtitle{A closer look at the expenses} \subject{a funny paper} \begin{document} \maketitle \addchap{Introduction} \blindtext \end{document}

\documentclass{memoir}% use option titlepage to get the title on a page of its own. \usepackage{blindtext} \title{The influence of colour on the floating velocity of rubber ducks} \author{Peter Piranha} \renewcommand{\maketitlehookb}{\centering You won't expect the results} \begin{document} \maketitle \chapter{Introduction} \blindtext \end{document}

同樣的，類文檔相比較可能的命令而言，可以呈現更為豐富的細節。

提交期刊的標題

期刊對應一類特定的板式。為了保證這一板式，期刊經常會提供定義其板式的模版。標題的樣式(如電子郵箱，機構名稱，關鍵詞)嚴重的依賴模版，而且不同的期刊之間差異可能很大。如果期刊提供了模版，那麼需要按照模版的要求進行排版。如果期刊沒有提供對應的模版，那麼需要作者使用上面提到的那些更為基礎的Latex標題的一些概念。

自訂標題頁面

建立標題

Normally, the benefit of using LaTeX instead of traditional word processing programs is that LaTeX frees you to concentrate on content by handling margins, justification, and other typesetting concerns. On the other hand, if you want to write your own title format, it is exactly the opposite: you have to take care of everything--this time LaTeX will do nothing to help you. It can be challenging to create your own title format since LaTeX was not designed to be graphically interactive in the adjustment of layout. The process is similar to working with raw HTML with the added step that each time you want to see how your changes look, you have to re-compile the source. While this may seem like a major inconvenience, the benefit is that once the customized title format has been written, it serves as a template for all other documents that would use the title format you have just made. In other words, once you have a layout you like, you can use it for any other documents where you would like the same layout without any additional fiddling with layout.

First step: since you'll be working only on the first page of your document and you'll have to compile very often, you don't have to compile the whole document each time, you only need to take a look at the first page. That is why we'll first create a dummy document for preparing the title and then we'll simply include it within the existing big document we are writing. Call the dummy document test_title.tex and put the following code in it:

\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{report}

\usepackage{graphicx}

\newcommand{\HRule}{\rule{\linewidth}{0.5mm}}

\begin{document}

\input{./title.tex}
\end{document}

It is meant to be compiled with pdflatex to create a PDF in output. It is a very basic document, but take care that it has the same settings of the document you are writing, so the output won't change when you include the title in your document. In this case (see the first line) the font size is set to 12pt and the paper size is an A4. The package graphicx is included to insert an image in the title. Then a command is defined called \HRule; it will just insert a horizontal line whose length is like the size of the paper and whose thickness is 0.5 mm. If you want you can change its settings in the definition. Finally the document starts and it simply includes the title.tex file, that must be placed in the same directory of our dummy file test_title.tex.

Now create the title.tex and write in it:

\begin{titlepage}


\end{titlepage}

all the things you want to put in the title must be inside the titlepage environment. Now if you compile test_title.tex you will see a preview of your title in the test_title.pdf file. Here is what you need to know to write your title:

Alignment

if you want to center some text just use \begin{center} ... \end{center}. If you want to align it differently you can use the environment flushright for right-alignment and flushleft for left alignment.

Images

the command for including images is the following (the example is for a small logo, but you can introduce any image of any size): \includegraphics[width=0.15\textwidth]{./logo}. There is no \begin{figure} as you usually do because you don't want it to be floating, you just want it there where you placed it. When handling it, remember that it is considered like a big box by the TeX engine.

Text size

If you want to change the size of some text just place it within brackets, {like this}, and you can use the following commands (in order of size): \Huge, \huge, \LARGE, \Large, \large, \small, \footnotesize, \tiny. So for example:

{\large this text is slightly bigger than normal}, this one is not

\normalsize is used to create text at the default size for the document.

New lines

you can force the start of a new line by \\. If you want to add more vertical space you don't need to use several new-line commands, just insert some vertical space. For example, this way \\[1cm] you start a new line after having left 1 cm of empty space.

日期

you can insert the date of the current day with the command \today. If you do not wish to insert any date, keep it blank e.g. \date{}

Filling the page

the command \vfill keeps on adding empty spaces until the page is full. If you put it in the page, you are sure that all the following text will be placed at the bottom of the page.

實例

All these tips might have made you confused. Then, here is a practical example. Get the test_title.tex described above and here is an example of a title.tex. On the right you can see the output after you compile test_title.tex in PDF:

\begin{titlepage} \begin{center} % Upper part of the page \includegraphics[width=0.15\textwidth]{./logo}\\[1cm] \textsc{\LARGE University of Beer}\\[1.5cm] \textsc{\Large Final year project}\\[0.5cm] % Title \HRule \\[0.4cm] { \huge \bfseries Lager brewing techniques}\\[0.4cm] \HRule \\[1.5cm] % Author and supervisor \begin{minipage}{0.4\textwidth} \begin{flushleft} \large \emph{Author:}\\ John \textsc{Smith} \end{flushleft} \end{minipage} \begin{minipage}{0.4\textwidth} \begin{flushright} \large \emph{Supervisor:} \\ Dr.~Mark \textsc{Brown} \end{flushright} \end{minipage} \vfill % Bottom of the page {\large \today} \end{center} \end{titlepage}

The picture is from a file called logo.png that is in the same directory of both title.tex and test_title.tex. Since I wanted to insert both the author and supervisor names properly aligned I used a trick: I created two small minipages, one on left and one on the right. Their width is a bit less than half of page width (as you can see, they are exactly 40% of the text width). Within the minipages I have used different alignments. Using \vfill I could write the date exactly at the bottom of the page.

As you can see, the code looks "dirtier" than standard LaTeX source because you have to take care of the output as well. If you start changing font's output it will get more confused, but you can do it: it's only for the title and your complicated code will be isolated from all the rest within its own file title.tex.

整合標題頁

Assuming that your title page is now contained in a file named title.tex, it must be placed in the same directory as the main document. In order to integrate it, the input command must be used by placing \input{./title.tex} at the top of the document. Don't forget to add the commands \usepackage{graphicx} and \newcommand{\HRule}{\rule{\linewidth}{0.5mm}} in the preamble section as well.

For example, the top section of your document would look like:

...
\usepackage{graphicx}

\newcommand{\HRule}{\rule{\linewidth}{0.5mm}}

\begin{document}

\input{./title.tex}
\tableofcontents
...

自定義標題包

宏包titling提供了一種方式，來控制 \maketitle 和 \thanks 命令的排版。它在僅對標準的輸出做微小更改時很有用。

意大利用戶也許還想要使用frontespizio 宏包。它定義了在意大利使用的卷首圖片。

宏包authblk 提供了一種新的排版作者的方式， 這在向沒有提供模板的期刊提交文稿時特別有用。

更多標題頁面的例子

The titlepages package presents many different styles for title pages.

TeX.SE has a collection of titlepages.

Another small collection can be found on Github.