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X86組合語言/基本指令集

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資料搬移指令（Data transfer instructions）

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  • MOV：在通用暫存器之間移動資料；在主記憶體和通用或區段暫存器之間移動資料；將立即數值移動到通用暫存器。（Move data between general-purpose registers; move data between memory and general purpose or segment registers; move immediates to general-purpose registers.）
  • CMOVE/CMOVZ：Conditional move if equal/Conditional move if zero.
  • CMOVNE/CMOVNZ：Conditional move if not equal/Conditional move if not zero.
  • CMOVA/CMOVNBE：Conditional move if above/Conditional move if not below or equal.
  • CMOVAE/CMOVNB：Conditional move if above or equal/Conditional move if not below.
  • CMOVB/CMOVNAE：Conditional move if below/Conditional move if not above or equal.
  • CMOVBE/CMOVNA：Conditional move if below or equal/Conditional move if not above.
  • CMOVG/CMOVNLE：Conditional move if greater/Conditional move if not less or equal.
  • CMOVGE/CMOVNL：Conditional move if greater or equal/Conditional move if not less.
  • CMOVL/CMOVNGE：Conditional move if less/Conditional move if not greater or equal.
  • CMOVLE/CMOVNG：Conditional move if less or equal/Conditional move if not greater.
  • CMOVC：Conditional move if carry.
  • CMOVNC：Conditional move if not carry.
  • CMOVO：Conditional move if overflow.
  • CMOVNO：Conditional move if not overflow.
  • CMOVS：Conditional move if sign (negative).
  • CMOVNS：Conditional move if not sign (non-negative).
  • CMOVP/CMOVPE：Conditional move if parity/Conditional move if parity even.
  • CMOVNP/CMOVPO：Conditional move if not parity/Conditional move if parity odd.
  • XCHG：交換。（Exchange.）
  • BSWAP：Byte swap.
  • XADD：Exchange and add.
  • CMPXCHG：Compare and exchange.
  • CMPXCHG8B：Compare and exchange 8 bytes.
  • PUSH：Push onto stack.
  • POP：Pop off of stack.
  • PUSHA/PUSHAD：Push general-purpose registers onto stack.
  • POPA/POPAD：Pop general-purpose registers from stack.
  • CWD/CDQ：Convert word to doubleword/Convert doubleword to quadword.
  • CBW/CWDE：Convert byte to word/Convert word to doubleword in EAX register.
  • MOVSX：Move and sign extend.
  • MOVZX：Move and zero extend.

二進位算術指令（Binary Arithmetic Instructions）

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  • ADCX：Unsigned integer add with carry.
  • ADOX：Unsigned integer add with overflow.
  • ADD：Integer add.
  • ADC：含進位的加法。（Add with carry.）
  • SUB：減法。（Subtract.）
  • SBB：含借位的減法。Subtract with borrow.
  • IMUL：有號數乘法。（Signed multiply.）
  • MUL：無號數乘法。（Unsigned multiply.）
  • IDIV：有號數除法。（Signed divide.）
  • DIV：無號數除法。（Unsigned divide.）
  • INC：加一。（Increment.）
  • DEC：減一。（Decrement.）
  • NEG：Negate.
  • CMP：比較。（Compare.）

十進位算術指令（Decimal Arithmetic Instructions）

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  • DAA：Decimal adjust after addition.
  • DAS：Decimal adjust after subtraction.
  • AAA：ASCII adjust after addition.
  • AAS：ASCII adjust after subtraction.
  • AAM：ASCII adjust after multiplication.
  • AAD：ASCII adjust before division.

邏輯指令（Decimal Arithmetic Instructions）

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  • AND：Perform bitwise logical AND.
  • OR：Perform bitwise logical OR.
  • XOR：Perform bitwise logical exclusive OR.
  • NOT：Perform bitwise logical NOT

移位及輪轉指令（Shift and Rotate Instruction）

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  • SAR：Shift arithmetic right.
  • SHR：Shift logical right.
  • SAL/SHL：Shift arithmetic left/Shift logical left.
  • SHRD：Shift right double.
  • SHLD：Shift left double.
  • ROR：Rotate right.
  • ROL：Rotate left.
  • RCR：Rotate through carry right.
  • RCL：Rotate through carry left

位元及位元組指令（Bit and Byte Instructions）

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  • BT：Bit test.
  • BTS：Bit test and set.
  • BTR：Bit test and reset.
  • BTC：Bit test and complement.
  • BSF：Bit scan forward.
  • BSR：Bit scan reverse.
  • SETE/SETZ：Set byte if equal/Set byte if zero.
  • SETNE/SETNZ：Set byte if not equal/Set byte if not zero.
  • SETA/SETNBE：Set byte if above/Set byte if not below or equal.
  • SETAE/SETNB/SETNC：Set byte if above or equal/Set byte if not below/Set byte if not carry.
  • SETB/SETNAE/SETC：Set byte if below/Set byte if not above or equal/Set byte if carry.
  • SETBE/SETNA：Set byte if below or equal/Set byte if not above.
  • SETG/SETNLE：Set byte if greater/Set byte if not less or equal.
  • SETGE/SETNL：Set byte if greater or equal/Set byte if not less.
  • SETL/SETNGE：Set byte if less/Set byte if not greater or equal.
  • SETLE/SETNG：Set byte if less or equal/Set byte if not greater.
  • SETS：Set byte if sign (negative).
  • SETNS：Set byte if not sign (non-negative).
  • SETO：Set byte if overflow.
  • SETNO：Set byte if not overflow.
  • SETPE/SETP：Set byte if parity even/Set byte if parity.
  • SETPO/SETNP：Set byte if parity odd/Set byte if not parity.
  • TEST：Logical compare.
  • CRC32：Provides hardware acceleration to calculate cyclic redundancy checks for fast and efficient implementation of data integrity protocols.
  • POPCNT：This instruction calculates of number of bits set to 1 in the second operand (source) and returns the count in the first operand (a destination register)

控制轉移指令（Control Transfer Instruction）

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  • JMP：無條件跳躍（Jump.）
  • JE/JZ：Jump if equal/Jump if zero.
  • JNE/JNZ：Jump if not equal/Jump if not zero.
  • JA/JNBE：Jump if above/Jump if not below or equal.
  • JAE/JNB：Jump if above or equal/Jump if not below.
  • JB/JNAE：Jump if below/Jump if not above or equal.
  • JBE/JNA：Jump if below or equal/Jump if not above.
  • JG/JNLE：Jump if greater/Jump if not less or equal.
  • JGE/JNL：Jump if greater or equal/Jump if not less.
  • JL/JNGE：Jump if less/Jump if not greater or equal.
  • JLE/JNG：Jump if less or equal/Jump if not greater.
  • JC：Jump if carry.
  • JNC：Jump if not carry.
  • JO：Jump if overflow.
  • JNO：Jump if not overflow.
  • JS：Jump if sign (negative).
  • JN：Jump if not sign (non-negative).
  • JPO/JNP：Jump if parity odd/Jump if not parity.
  • JPE/JP：Jump if parity even/Jump if parity.
  • JCXZ/JECXZ：Jump register CX zero/Jump register ECX zero.
  • LOOP：Loop with ECX counter.
  • LOOPZ/LOOPE：Loop with ECX and zero/Loop with ECX and equal.
  • LOOPNZ/LOOPNE：Loop with ECX and not zero/Loop with ECX and not equal.
  • CALL：呼叫副程式或函數。（Call procedure.）
  • RET：從副程式或函數返回。（Return.）
  • IRET：從插斷返回。（Return from interrupt.）
  • INT：軟體插斷。（Software interrupt.）
  • INTO：Interrupt on overflow.
  • BOUND：Detect value out of range.
  • ENTER：High-level procedure entry.
  • LEAVE：High-level procedure exit

字串指令（String Instruction）

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  • MOVS/MOVSB：Move string/Move byte string.
  • MOVS/MOVSW：Move string/Move word string.
  • MOVS/MOVSD：Move string/Move doubleword string.
  • CMPS/CMPSB：Compare string/Compare byte string.
  • CMPS/CMPSW：Compare string/Compare word string.
  • CMPS/CMPSD：Compare string/Compare doubleword string.
  • SCAS/SCASB：Scan string/Scan byte string.
  • SCAS/SCASW：Scan string/Scan word string.
  • SCAS/SCASD：Scan string/Scan doubleword string.
  • LODS/LODSB：Load string/Load byte string.
  • LODS/LODSW：Load string/Load word string.
  • LODS/LODSD：Load string/Load doubleword string.
  • STOS/STOSB：Store string/Store byte string.
  • STOS/STOSW：Store string/Store word string.
  • STOS/STOSD：Store string/Store doubleword string.
  • REP：Repeat while ECX not zero.
  • REPE/REPZ：Repeat while equal/Repeat while zero.
  • REPNE/REPNZ：Repeat while not equal/Repeat while not zero.

輸入及輸出指令（I/O Instruction）

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  • IN：Read from a port.
  • OUT：Write to a port.
  • INS/INSB：Input string from port/Input byte string from port.
  • INS/INSW：Input string from port/Input word string from port.
  • INS/INSD：Input string from port/Input doubleword string from port.
  • OUTS/OUTSB：Output string to port/Output byte string to port.
  • OUTS/OUTSW：Output string to port/Output word string to port

進入及離開指令（Enter and Leave Instruction）

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  • ENTER：High-level procedure entry.
  • LEAVE：High-level procedure exit

旗標控制(EFLAG)指令（Flag Control (EFLAG) Instructions）

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  • STC：設置進位旗標。（Set carry flag.）
  • CLC：清除進位旗標。（Clear the carry flag.）
  • CMC：Complement the carry flag.
  • CLD：Clear the direction flag.
  • STD：Set direction flag.
  • LAHF：Load flags into AH register.
  • SAHF：Store AH register into flags.
  • PUSHF/PUSHFD：Push EFLAGS onto stack.
  • POPF/POPFD：Pop EFLAGS from stack.
  • STI：設置插斷旗標。（Set interrupt flag.）
  • CLI：清除插斷旗標。（Clear the interrupt flag）

區段暫存器指令（Segment Register Instruction）

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  • LDS：Load far pointer using DS.
  • LES：Load far pointer using ES.
  • LFS：Load far pointer using FS.
  • LGS：Load far pointer using GS.
  • LSS：Load far pointer using SS

雜項指令（Miscellaneous Instruction）

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  • LEA：Load effective address.
  • NOP：無運算。（No operation.）
  • UD：Undefined instruction.
  • XLAT/XLATB：Table lookup translation.
  • CPUID：Processor identification.
  • MOVBE： Move data after swapping data bytes.
  • PREFETCHW： Prefetch data into cache in anticipation of write.
  • PREFETCHWT： Prefetch hint T1 with intent to write.
  • CLFLUSH：Flushes and invalidates a memory operand and its associated cache line from all levels of the processor’s cache hierarchy.
  • CLFLUSHOPT：Flushes and invalidates a memory operand and its associated cache line from all levels of the processor’s cache hierarchy with optimized memory system throughput

使用者模式擴展狀態的儲存及還原指令（User Mode Extended Sate Save/Restore Instruction）

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  • XSAVE：Save processor extended states to memory.
  • XSAVEC：Save processor extended states with compaction to memory.
  • XSAVEOPT：Save processor extended states to memory, optimized.
  • XRSTOR：Restore processor extended states from memory.
  • XGETBV：Reads the state of an extended control register

亂數產生指令（Random Number Generator Instructions）

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  • RDRAND：Retrieves a random number generated from hardware.
  • RDSEED：Retrieves a random number generated from hardwar

（BMI1, BMI2）

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  • ANDN：Bitwise AND of first source with inverted 2nd source operands.
  • BEXTR：Contiguous bitwise extract.
  • BLSI：Extract lowest set bit.
  • BLSMSK：Set all lower bits below first set bit to 1.
  • BLSR：Reset lowest set bit.
  • BZHI：Zero high bits starting from specified bit position.
  • LZCNT：Count the number leading zero bits.
  • MULX：Unsigned multiply without affecting arithmetic flags.
  • PDEP：Parallel deposit of bits using a mask.
  • PEXT：Parallel extraction of bits using a mask.
  • RORX：Rotate right without affecting arithmetic flags.
  • SARX：Shift arithmetic right.
  • SHLX：Shift logic left.
  • SHRX：Shift logic right.
  • TZCNT：Count the number trailing zero bits

（Detection of VEX-encoded GPR Instructions, LZCNT and TZCNT, PREFETCH）

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以下內容待整理

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資料搬移指令 （Data transfer instructions）

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整數運算指令

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加法

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  • add : 加
  • adc : 加 (含進位)
  • inc : 加1

減法

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  • sub : 減
  • sbb : 減 (含借位)
  • dec : 減1

乘法

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  • mul : 乘 (無號數)
  • imul : 乘 (有號數)

除法

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  • div : 除 (無號數)
  • idiv : 除 (有號數)

邏輯運算指令

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位元位移指令

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程式流程控制

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跳越指令

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無條件跳越

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無號數運算(比較)後使用的條件跳越指令

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指令 意義 條件
je 若等於則跳越 x = y ZF=1
jne 若不等於則跳越 x≠y ZF=0
ja
jnbe 		若高於則跳越
若不低於則跳越 		x > y CF=0且ZF=0
jae
jnb 		若高於或等於則跳越
若不低於或等於則跳越 		x≧y CF=0
jb
jnae 		若低於則跳越
若不高於或等於則跳越 		x < y CF=1
jbe
jna 		若低於或等於則跳越
若不高於則跳越 		x≦y CF=1或ZF=1

有號數運算(比較)後使用的條件跳越指令

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指令 意義 條件
je 若等於則跳越 x = y ZF=1
jne 若不等於則跳越 x≠y ZF=0
jg
jnle 		若大於則跳越
若不低於或等於則跳越 		x > y ZF=0且SF=OF
jge
jnl 		若高於於或等於則跳越
若不低於則跳越 		x≧y SF=OF
jl
jngl 		若低於則跳越
若不大於或等於則跳越 		x < y SF≠OF
jle
jng 		若低於或等於則跳越
若不大於則跳越 		x≦y ZF=1或SF≠OF

依旗號狀態判斷的條件跳越指令

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指令 意義 條件
jc 若進位則跳越 CF=1
jnc 若無進位則跳越 CF=0
js 若為負數則跳越 SF=1
jns 若為正數則跳越 SF=0
jz 若等於0則跳越 ZF=1
jnz 若不等於0則跳越 ZF=0
jp 若同位則跳越 PF=1
jnp 若沒有同位則跳越 PF=0
jpe 若偶同位則跳越 PF=1
jpo 若奇同位則跳越 PF=0
jo 若溢位則跳越 OF=1
jno 若沒有溢位則跳越 OF=0

迴圈控制指令

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中斷指令（Interrupt Instruction）

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  • int : 進入中斷處理程式
  • into : 運算溢出，產生中斷
  • iret : 自中斷處理程式中返回

旗標控制相關指令

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中斷標誌位

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  • cli : 清中斷允許
  • sti : 置中斷允許

進位標誌位

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  • clc : 清進位標誌位
  • stc : 置進位標誌位
  • cmc : 進位標誌位取反
  • 以下暫存
    mov：這是組語裡面最常見的指令,將數值記入暫存器或是將A暫存器的內涵值移入B暫存器等等.
    範例語法：  mov 目的,來源        <==將來源值移入目的暫存器
                 mov DX,[zzz]       <==將zzz變數內涵移入DX暫存器
                 mov EAX,14h        <==移14h值移入EAX

    int：呼叫中斷來處理之前暫存器內涵值所對應的工作.例如Linux是int 0x80.
    add：加
     sub：減
     mul：乘
     div：除
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