人类生理学/神经系统
神经系统概观
[编辑]中枢神经系统的功能
[编辑]Structure and function of neurons
[编辑]结构
[编辑]功能
[编辑]Excitatory and inhibitory process
[编辑]Summation
[编辑]中枢神经系统qwdadqwdasdqwdsx（Central Nervous System）
[编辑]Generation & propagation of an action potential
[编辑]The Nerve Impulse
[编辑]Factors that affect sensitivity and speed
[编辑]脑
[编辑]延髓（Medulla）
[编辑]桥脑（Pons）
[编辑]大脑（Cerebrum）
[编辑]小脑（Cerebellum）
[编辑]边缘系统（Limbic System）和更高的心智功能
[编辑]边缘系统
[编辑]边缘系统结构
[编辑]海马
[编辑]杏仁核
[编辑]丘脑
[编辑]下视丘（Hypothalamus）
[编辑]穹窿（Fornix）和副海马（Parahippocampal）
[编辑]扣带皮层（Cingulate Gyrus）
[编辑]记忆与学习
[编辑]感觉记忆
[编辑]短期记忆
[编辑]长期记忆
[编辑]长期增强作用（LTP）
[编辑]前期
[编辑]后期
[编辑]退化
[编辑]语言和言语
[编辑]Diseases of the Limbic System
[编辑]精神分裂症（Schizophrenia）
[编辑]忧郁症
[编辑]燥郁症
[编辑]An Autism Link
[编辑]Case Study
[编辑]周边神经系统（PNS）
[编辑]外侧神经索（Lateral cord）
[编辑]后侧神经索（Posterior cord）
[编辑]Medial cord
[编辑]Other thoracic spinal nerves (T3-T12)
[编辑]自律神经系统（ANS）
[编辑]The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Systems
[编辑]Organization
[编辑]Information transmission
[编辑]Relationship to sympathetic
[编辑]Receptors
[编辑]神经组织
[编辑]Types of Neurons
[编辑]Structure of a neuron
[编辑]髓鞘（Myelin Sheath）
[编辑]案例研究
[编辑]忧郁症治疗
[编辑]药物
[编辑]药物滥用
[编辑]酒精
[编辑]安非他命
[编辑]大麻
[编辑]Review Questions
[编辑]词汇表
[编辑]- 传入讯息（Afferent Messages）
- 传入身体的讯息，像是冷、热、疼痛……等
- 自主系统（Autonomic System）
- deals with the visceral organs, like the heart, stomach, gland, and the intestines
- 轴突（Axon）
- the part of the neuron that conducts nerve impulses
- 大麻（Cannabis）
- a psychoactive drug produced from parts of the cannabis plant
- 中枢神经系统（Central Nervous System，CNS）
- the system that includes the brain and the spinal cord
- 小脑（Cerebellum）
- part of the brain that is located posterior to the medulla oblongata and pons, coordinates skeletal muscles to produce smooth, graceful motions
- 脑脊液（Cerebrospinal Fluid，CSF）
- acts a shock absorber for the central nervous system, protecting the brain and spinal cord from injury; it also has a high glucose content which serves as a nutritional factor
- 大脑（Cerebrum）
- motor control, learning, speech, somatic sensory functions, vision,hearing and more.
- 树突（Dendrites）
- short pieces that come off of the cell body that receive the signals from sensory receptors and other neurons
- 情节记忆（Episodic Memory）
- represents our memory of events and experiences in a serial form
- 兴奋性神经传导物质（Excitatory Neurotransmitter）
- a neurotransmitter that acts to elicit an action potential by opening sodium ion channels
Longitudinal Sulcus: separates the cerebrum in to the right and left hemispheres
- 长期记忆（Long Term Memory）
- used for storage of information over a long time
Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) long term communication enhancement between two neurons. Results in neural pathways that store memoris.
- 髓质（Medulla）
- control center for respiratory, cardiovascular and digestive functions.
- 髓磷脂（Myelin）
- a fatty substance that surrounds and insulates the nerve fibers and facilitates the conduction of the nerve impulse transmissions
Multiple Sclerosis (MS): disease that affects the CNS by causing hardening and scaring of the myelin
- 兰氏结（Nodes of Ranvier）
- unmyelinated gaps between sections of myelin
- 周边神经系统（Peripheral Nervous System，PNS）
- a way of communication from the central nervous system to the rest of the body by nerve impulses that regulate the functions of the human body
- 桥脑（Pons）
- control centers for respiration and inhibitory functions.
Postganglionic Cells: have their cell bodies in the ganglia and send their axons to target organs or glands
Postsynaptic Cells the cell on the receiving (second) end of the synapse.
Presynaptic Cell The cell on the sending (first) end of the synapse.
Proprioception the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.
Sensory Receptor: structure that can find any kind of change in it's surroundings or environment
- 躯体神经系统（Somatic Nervous System，SNS）
- the part of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of body movements through the action of skeletal muscles, and also reception of external stimuli
- 突触（Synapses）
- 两神经之间的空隙。在人学习时，会长出新的突触