藥物化學/常用縮寫

维基教科书,自由的教学读本

數字[编辑]

5-HT
5-羥色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine),又稱血清素(serotonin)
7-ACA
7-氨基頭孢烯酸(7-aminocephalosporinic acid)
6-APA
6-氨基青黴烷酸(6-aminopenicillanic acid)

A[编辑]

ACE
血管緊張素轉化酶(angiotensin-converting enzyme)
ACh
乙醯膽鹼(acetylcholine)
AChE
乙醯膽鹼酯酶(acetylcholinesterase)
ACT
青蒿素聯合治療(artemisinin combination therapy)
ADAPT
抗體導向的抗體酶(abzyme)藥物前治療(antibody-directed abzyme prodrug therapy)
ADEPT
抗體導向的酶(enzyme)藥物前治療(antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy)
ADH
醇脫氫酶(alcohol dehydrogenase)
ADME
吸收,分佈,代謝,排泄(absorption, distribution, metabolism,excretion)
ADP
二磷酸腺苷(adenosine diphosphate)
AIC
5-氨基咪唑-4-甲酰胺(5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide)
AIDS
後天免疫缺乏症,愛滋病(acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
AML
急性骨髓性白血病(acute myeloid leukaemia)
AMP
磷酸腺苷(adenosine 5'-monophosphate)
AT
血管緊張素(angiotensin)
ATP
三磷酸腺苷(adenosine 5'-triphosphate)
AUC
曲線下方面積(area under the curve)
cAMP
環磷酸腺苷(cyclic AMP)

B[编辑]

BuChE
丁酰膽鹼酯酶(butylcholinesterase)

C[编辑]

CCK
膽囊收縮素(cholecystokinin)
CDKs
細胞週期蛋白依賴性激酶(cyclin-dependent kinases)
CETP
膽固醇酯轉移蛋白(cholesteryl ester transfer protein)
cGMP
環磷酸鳥苷(cyclic GMP)
CHO cells
中國倉鼠卵巢細胞(Chinese hamster ovarian cells)
CKIs
細胞週期蛋白依賴性激酶抑制劑(cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors)
CLogP
分配係數的計算對數(calculated logarithm of the partition coefficient)
CML
慢性骨髓性白血病(chronic myeloid leukaemia)
CMV
巨細胞病毒(cytomegalovirus)
CNS
中央神經系統(central nervous system)
CoA
輔酶A(coenzyme A)
CoMFA
比較分子場分析(comparative molecular field analysis)
COMT
兒茶酚O-甲基轉移酶(catechol O -methyltransferase)
COX
環氧合酶(cyclooxygenase)
CSD
劍橋結構數據庫(Cambridge Structural Database)
CYP
構成細胞色素P450家族的酶

D[编辑]

D-Receptor
多巴胺受體(dopamine receptor)
dATP
脫氧腺苷三磷酸(deoxyadenosine triphosphate)
DCC
二環己基碳二亞胺(dicyclohexylcarbodiimide)
dCTP
脫氧胞嘧啶三磷酸(Deoxycytosine triphosphate)
DG
二酰基甘油(diacylglycerol)
dGTP
去氧鳥苷三磷酸(deoxyguanosine triphosphate)
DHFR
二氫葉酸還原酶(dihydrofolate reductase)
DMAP
二甲基氨基吡啶(dimethylaminopyridine)
DNA
去氧核糖核酸(deoxyribonucleic acid)
DOR
δ阿片受體(delta opioid receptor)
dsDNA
雙鏈DNA(double-stranded DNA)
dsRNA
雙鏈RNA(double-stranded RNA)
dTMP
脫氧胸苷酸單磷酸(deoxythymidylate monophosphate)
dTTP
脫氧胸苷酸三磷酸酯(deoxythymidylate triphosphate)
dUMP
脫氧尿苷酸單磷酸(deoxyuridylate monophosphate)

E[编辑]

EC50
達到最大可能效力的50%,所需要的藥物濃度
Es
Taft's 空間因子(Taft's steric factor)
EGF
表皮生長因子(epidermal growth factor)
EGF-R
表皮生長因子受體(epidermal growth factor receptor)
EMEA
歐洲藥品評估機構(European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products)
EPC
歐洲專利公約(European Patent Convention)
EPO
歐洲專利局(European Patent Office)

F[编辑]

FDA
美國食品和藥物管理局(US Food and Drug Administration)
FdUMP
氟脫氧尿嘧啶單磷酸酯(fluoro deoxy uracil monophosphate)
FGF
成纖維細胞生長因子(fibroblast growth factor)
FGF-R
成纖維細胞生長因子受體(fibroblast growth factor receptor)
FH4
四氫葉酸(tetrahydrofolate)
F
口服生物利用度(oral bioavailability)
F
芳香族取代基在QSAR中的誘導作用(inductive effect of an aromatic substituent in QSAR)
F-SPE
氟固相萃取(fluorous solid phase extraction)
FLOG
flexible ligands oriented on grid
FPGS
葉酰聚谷氨酸合成酶(folylpolyglutamate synthetase)
FPP
法呢基二磷酸酯(farnesyl diphosphate)
FT
法呢基轉移酶(farnesyl transferase)
FTI
法呢基轉移酶抑制劑(farnesyl transferase inhibitor)

G[编辑]

G-Protein
鳥嘌呤核苷酸結合蛋白(guanine nucleotide binding protein)
GABA
γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid)
GAP
GTP酶激活蛋白(GTPase activating protein)
GCP
藥品優良臨床試驗規範(Good Clinical Practice)
GDEPT
基因定向酶前藥治療(gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy)
GDP
鳥苷二磷酸(guanosine diphosphate)
GEF
鳥嘌呤核苷酸交換因子(guanine nucleotide exchange factors)
GGTase
香葉基香葉基轉移酶(geranylgeranyltransferase)
GH
生長激素(growth hormone)
GIT
胃腸道(gastrointestinal tract)
GLP
優良實驗室操作(Good Laboratory Practice)
GMC
綜合醫務委員會(General Medical Council)
GMP
良好生產規範(Good Manufacturing Practice)
GMP
鳥苷酸單磷酸(guanosine monophosphate)
GnRH
促性腺激素釋放激素(gonadotropin-releasing hormone)
gp
糖蛋白(glycoprotein)
GSK
葛蘭素史克公司(GlaxoSmithKline)
GTP
鳥苷三磷酸(guanosine triphosphate)

H[编辑]

h-PEPT
人腸道質子依賴寡肽轉運蛋白(human intestinal proton-dependent oligopeptide transporter)
H-receptor
組織胺受體(histamine receptor)
HA
血凝素(hemagglutinin)
HAART
highly active antiretroviral therapy
HAMA
人抗小鼠抗體(human anti-mouse antibodies)
HBA
氫鍵受體(hydrogen bond acceptor)
HBD
氫鍵供體(hydrogen bond donor)
HCV
C型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus)
HDL
高密度脂蛋白(high density lipoprotein)
HERG
人類醚轉運相關基因(human ether-a-go-go related gene)
HIF
缺氧誘導因子(hypoxia-inducible factor)
HIV
人類免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodefi ciency virus)
HMGSCoA
3-羥基-3-甲基戊二酰輔酶A(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A)
HMGR
3-羥基-3-甲基戊二酰輔酶A還原酶(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase)
HOMO
最高佔有分子軌道(highest occupied molecular orbital)
HPLC
高效液相色譜(high-performance liquid chromatography)
HPMA
N-(2-羥丙基)甲基丙烯酰胺(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide)
HPT
人腸道二肽/三肽轉運蛋白(human intestinal di-/tri peptide transporter)
HRV
人類鼻病毒(human rhinoviruses)
HSV
單純皰疹病毒(herpes simplex virus)
HTS
高通量篩選(high-throughput screening)

I[编辑]

IC50
將標靶抑制50%所需的藥物濃度
IGF-1R
胰島素生長因子1受體(insulin growth factor 1 receptor)
IND
新藥研究豁免(Investigational Exemption to a New Drug Application)
IP3
肌醇三磷酸(inositol triphosphate)
IPER
國際初步審查報告(International Preliminary Examination Report)
IRB
機構審查委員會(Institutional Review Board)
ISR
國際搜索報告(International Search Report)
ITC
等溫滴定量熱法(isothermal titration calorimetry)
IUPAC
國際純化學和應用化學聯合會(International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry)
IV
靜脈(intravenous)

K[编辑]

KD
解離結合常數(dissociation binding constant)
Ki
抑制常數(inhibition constant)
KM
米氏常數(Michaelis constant)
KOR
κ-阿片受體(kappa opioid receptor)

L[编辑]

LAAM
L-α-乙酰甲羥(L-α-acetylmethadol)
LD50
殺死50%的測試動物,所需的致死劑量
LDH
乳酸脫氫酶(lactate dehydrogenase)
LH
黃體激素(luteinizing hormone)
LHRH
黃體激素釋放激素(luteinizing hormone-releasing hormones)
LipE
親脂效率(lipophilic efficiency)
LogP
分配係數(partition coefficient)的對數
LDL
低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein)
LUMO
最低未佔用的分子軌道(lowest unoccupied molecular orbital)

M[编辑]

M-receptor
毒蕈鹼受體(muscarinic receptor)
MAA
營銷授權申請(Marketing Authorization Application)
MAB
單株抗體(monoclonal antibody)
MAO
單胺氧化酶(monoamine oxidase)
MAOI
單胺氧化酶抑制劑(monoamine oxidase inhibitor)
MAOS
微波輔助有機合成(microwave assisted organic synthesis)
MAP
絲裂原活化蛋白(mitogen-activated protein)
MAPK
絲裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinases)
MCH-R
黑色素濃縮激素受體(melanin-concentrating hormone receptor)
MDR
多重抗藥性(multidrug resistance)
MDRTB
多重抗藥性結核病(multidrug-resistant tuberculosis)
MEP
分子靜電勢(molecular electrostatic potential)
miRNA
微RNA(micro RNA)
miRNP
微RNA蛋白(micro RNA protein)
MMP
基質金屬蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinase)
MMPI
基質金屬蛋白酶抑制劑(matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor)
MOR
μ-阿片受體(mu opioid receptor)
MR
摩爾折射率(molar refractivity)
mRNA
信使RNA(messenger RNA)
MRSA
抗甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)
MTDD
多目標新藥研發(multi-target drug discovery)
mTRKI
多酪氨酸受體激酶抑制劑(multi-tyrosine receptor kinase inhibitor)
MWt
分子量(molecular weight)

N[编辑]

N-receptor
菸鹼受體(nicotinic receptor)
NA
神經氨酸酶(neuraminidase)或去甲腎上腺素(noradrenaline)
NAD+ /NADH
煙酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
NADP+ /NADPH
煙酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
NAG
N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖(N-acetylglucosamine)
NAM
N-乙酰谷氨酸(N-acetylmuramic acid)
NCE
新化學實體(new chemical entity)
NDA
新藥申請(New Drug Application)
NICE
國家健康與臨床優化研究所(National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence)
NMDA
N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(N -methyl-D-aspartate)
NME
新分子實體(new molecular entity)
NMR
核磁共振(nuclear magnetic resonance)
NNRTI
非核苷逆轉錄酶抑制劑(non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
NO
一氧化氮(nitric oxide)
NOR
痛敏肽阿片受體(nociceptin opioid receptor)
NOS
一氧化氮合酶(nitric oxide synthase)
NRTI
核苷逆轉錄酶抑制劑(nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
NSAID
非類固醇消炎藥(non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug)
NVOC
硝基甲酰氧基羰基(nitroveratryloxycarbonyl)

O[编辑]

ORL1
阿片受體樣受體(opioid receptor-like receptor)

P[编辑]

P
分配係數(partition coefficient)
PABA
對氨基苯甲酸(p-aminobenzoic acid)
PBP
青黴素結合蛋白(penicillin binding protein)
PCP
苯環利定(phencyclidine),別名「天使塵」(angel dust)
PCT
專利合作條約(patent cooperation treaty)
PDB
蛋白質數據庫(protein data bank)
PDE
磷酸二酯酶(phosphodiesterase)
PDGF
血小板衍生生長因子(platelet-derived growth factor)
PDGF-R
血小板衍生生長因子受體(platelet-derived growth factor receptor)
PDT
光動力療法(photodynamic therapy)
PEG
聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol)
PGE
前列腺素E(prostaglandin E)
PGF
前列腺素F(prostaglandin F)
PIP2
磷脂酰肌醇二磷酸(phosphatidylinositol diphosphate)
PI
蛋白酶抑制劑(protease inhibitor)
PKA
蛋白激酶A(protein kinase A)
PKB
蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B)
PKC
蛋白激酶C(protein kinase C)
PLC
磷脂酶C(phospholipase C)
PLS
偏最小平方法(partial least squares)
PPBI
蛋白質 - 蛋白質結合抑制劑(protein–protein binding inhibitor)
PPI
質子幫浦抑制劑(proton pump inhibitor)
PPts
吡啶鎓4-甲苯磺酸鹽(pyridinium 4-toluenesulfonate)

Q[编辑]

QSAR
定量結構活性關係(quantitative structure–activity relationships)

R[编辑]

r
回歸或相關係數(regression or correlation coefficient)
R
芳香族取代基在QSAR中的共振效應(resonance effect of an aromatic substituent in QSAR)
RES
網狀內皮系統(reticuloendothelial system)
RFC
還原葉酸載體(reduced folate carrier)
RISC
RNA誘導沉默複合物(RNA induced silencing complex)
RMSD
均方根距離(root mean square distance)
rRNA
核醣體RNA(ribosomal RNA)
RNA
核糖核酸(ribonucleic acid)

S[编辑]

s
估計或標準偏差的標準差(standard error of estimate or standard deviation)
SAR
結構活性關係(structure–activity relationships)
SCAL
安全捕獲酸不穩定接頭(safety-catch acid-labile linker)
SCF
幹細胞因子(stem cell factor)
SCID
嚴重複合型免疫缺乏症(severe combined immunodeficiency disease)
SKF
史密斯-葛蘭-佛蘭西公司(Smith-Kline and French),葛蘭素史克公司(GlaxoSmithKline,GSK)的前身
SNRI
選擇性去甲腎上腺素再攝取抑制劑(selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors)
siRNA
小抑制性RNA(small inhibitory RNA)
snRNA
小核RNA(small nuclear RNA)
SOP
標準操作流程(standard operating procedure)
SPA
鄰近閃爍分析技術(scintillation proximity assay)
SPE
固相萃取(solid phase extraction)
SPOS
溶液相有機合成(solution phase organic synthesis)
SPR
表面等離子體共振(surface plasmon resonance)
ssDNA
單鏈DNA(single-stranded DNA)
SSRI
選擇性血清素再攝取抑制劑(selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor)
ssRNA
單鏈RNA(single-stranded RNA)

T[编辑]

TB
肺結核(tuberculosis)
TCA
三環抗抑鬱藥(tricyclic antidepressants)
TFA
三氟乙酸(trifluoroacetic acid)
TGF-α
轉化生長因子-α(transforming growth factor-α)
TGF-β
轉化生長因子-β(transforming growth factor-β)
THF
四氫呋喃(tetrahydrofuran)
TM
跨膜(transmembrane)
TNF
腫瘤壞死因子(tumour necrosis factor)
TNF-R
腫瘤壞死因子受體(tumour necrosis factor receptor)
TNT
三硝基甲苯(trinitrotoluene)
TRAIL
TNF相關凋亡誘導配體(TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand)
TRIPS
貿易相關方面的知識產權(trade related aspects of intellectual property rights)
tRNA
轉移RNA(transfer RNA)

U[编辑]

UTI
尿道感染(urinary tract infection)

V[编辑]

vdW
凡德華(van der Waals)
VEGF
血管內皮生長因子(vascular endothelial growth factor)
VEGF-R
血管內皮生長因子受體(vascular endothelial growth factor receptor)
VIP
血管活性腸肽(vasoactive intestinal peptide)
VOC–Cl
乙烯基氧羰基氯(vinyloxycarbonyl chloride)
VRE
抗萬古黴素腸球菌(vancomycin-resistant enterococci)
VRSA
抗萬古黴素金黃色葡萄球菌(vancomycin-resistant Staphylococci aureus)
VZV
水痘帶狀皰疹病毒(varicella-zoster viruses)

W[编辑]

WHO
世界衛生組織
WTO
世界貿易組織