药物化学/常用缩写
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[编辑]- 5-HT
- 5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine),又称血清素(serotonin)
- 7-ACA
- 7-氨基头孢烯酸(7-aminocephalosporinic acid)
- 6-APA
- 6-氨基青霉烷酸(6-aminopenicillanic acid)
A
[编辑]- ACE
- 血管紧张素转化酶(angiotensin-converting enzyme)
- ACh
- 乙酰胆碱(acetylcholine)
- AChE
- 乙酰胆碱酯酶(acetylcholinesterase)
- ACT
- 青蒿素联合治疗(artemisinin combination therapy)
- ADAPT
- 抗体导向的抗体酶(abzyme)药物前治疗(antibody-directed abzyme prodrug therapy)
- ADEPT
- 抗体导向的酶(enzyme)药物前治疗(antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy)
- ADH
- 醇脱氢酶(alcohol dehydrogenase)
- ADME
- 吸收,分布,代谢,排泄(absorption, distribution, metabolism,excretion)
- ADP
- 二磷酸腺苷(adenosine diphosphate)
- AIC
- 5-氨基咪唑-4-甲酰胺(5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide)
- AIDS
- 后天免疫缺乏症,艾滋病(acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
- AML
- 急性骨髓性白血病(acute myeloid leukaemia)
- AMP
- 磷酸腺苷(adenosine 5'-monophosphate)
- AT
- 血管紧张素(angiotensin)
- ATP
- 三磷酸腺苷(adenosine 5'-triphosphate)
- AUC
- 曲线下方面积(area under the curve)
- cAMP
- 环磷酸腺苷(cyclic AMP)
B
[编辑]- BuChE
- 丁酰胆碱酯酶(butylcholinesterase)
C
[编辑]- CCK
- 胆囊收缩素(cholecystokinin)
- CDKs
- 细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶(cyclin-dependent kinases)
- CETP
- 胆固醇酯转移蛋白(cholesteryl ester transfer protein)
- cGMP
- 环磷酸鸟苷(cyclic GMP)
- CHO cells
- 中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(Chinese hamster ovarian cells)
- CKIs
- 细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂(cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors)
- CLogP
- 分配系数的计算对数(calculated logarithm of the partition coefficient)
- CML
- 慢性骨髓性白血病(chronic myeloid leukaemia)
- CMV
- 巨细胞病毒(cytomegalovirus)
- CNS
- 中央神经系统(central nervous system)
- CoA
- 辅酶A(coenzyme A)
- CoMFA
- 比较分子场分析(comparative molecular field analysis)
- COMT
- 儿茶酚O-甲基转移酶(catechol O -methyltransferase)
- COX
- 环氧合酶(cyclooxygenase)
- CSD
- 剑桥结构数据库(Cambridge Structural Database)
- CYP
- 构成细胞色素P450家族的酶
D
[编辑]- D-Receptor
- 多巴胺受体(dopamine receptor)
- dATP
- 脱氧腺苷三磷酸(deoxyadenosine triphosphate)
- DCC
- 二环己基碳二亚胺(dicyclohexylcarbodiimide)
- dCTP
- 脱氧胞嘧啶三磷酸(Deoxycytosine triphosphate)
- DG
- 二酰基甘油(diacylglycerol)
- dGTP
- 去氧鸟苷三磷酸(deoxyguanosine triphosphate)
- DHFR
- 二氢叶酸还原酶(dihydrofolate reductase)
- DMAP
- 二甲基氨基吡啶(dimethylaminopyridine)
- DNA
- 去氧核糖核酸(deoxyribonucleic acid)
- DOR
- δ阿片受体(delta opioid receptor)
- dsDNA
- 双链DNA(double-stranded DNA)
- dsRNA
- 双链RNA(double-stranded RNA)
- dTMP
- 脱氧胸苷酸单磷酸(deoxythymidylate monophosphate)
- dTTP
- 脱氧胸苷酸三磷酸酯(deoxythymidylate triphosphate)
- dUMP
- 脱氧尿苷酸单磷酸(deoxyuridylate monophosphate)
E
[编辑]- EC50
- 达到最大可能效力的50%,所需要的药物浓度
- Es
- Taft's 空间因子(Taft's steric factor)
- EGF
- 表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor)
- EGF-R
- 表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor)
- EMEA
- 欧洲药品评估机构(European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products)
- EPC
- 欧洲专利公约(European Patent Convention)
- EPO
- 欧洲专利局(European Patent Office)
F
[编辑]- FDA
- 美国食品和药物管理局(US Food and Drug Administration)
- FdUMP
- 氟脱氧尿嘧啶单磷酸酯(fluoro deoxy uracil monophosphate)
- FGF
- 成纤维细胞生长因子(fibroblast growth factor)
- FGF-R
- 成纤维细胞生长因子受体(fibroblast growth factor receptor)
- FH4
- 四氢叶酸(tetrahydrofolate)
- F
- 口服生物利用度(oral bioavailability)
- F
- 芳香族取代基在QSAR中的诱导作用(inductive effect of an aromatic substituent in QSAR)
- F-SPE
- 氟固相萃取(fluorous solid phase extraction)
- FLOG
- flexible ligands oriented on grid
- FPGS
- 叶酰聚谷氨酸合成酶(folylpolyglutamate synthetase)
- FPP
- 法呢基二磷酸酯(farnesyl diphosphate)
- FT
- 法呢基转移酶(farnesyl transferase)
- FTI
- 法呢基转移酶抑制剂(farnesyl transferase inhibitor)
G
[编辑]- G-Protein
- 鸟嘌呤核苷酸结合蛋白(guanine nucleotide binding protein)
- GABA
- γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid)
- GAP
- GTP酶激活蛋白(GTPase activating protein)
- GCP
- 药品优良临床试验规范(Good Clinical Practice)
- GDEPT
- 基因定向酶前药治疗(gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy)
- GDP
- 鸟苷二磷酸(guanosine diphosphate)
- GEF
- 鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子(guanine nucleotide exchange factors)
- GGTase
- 香叶基香叶基转移酶(geranylgeranyltransferase)
- GH
- 生长激素(growth hormone)
- GIT
- 胃肠道(gastrointestinal tract)
- GLP
- 优良实验室操作(Good Laboratory Practice)
- GMC
- 综合医务委员会(General Medical Council)
- GMP
- 良好生产规范(Good Manufacturing Practice)
- GMP
- 鸟苷酸单磷酸(guanosine monophosphate)
- GnRH
- 促性腺激素释放激素(gonadotropin-releasing hormone)
- gp
- 糖蛋白(glycoprotein)
- GSK
- 葛兰素史克公司(GlaxoSmithKline)
- GTP
- 鸟苷三磷酸(guanosine triphosphate)
H
[编辑]- h-PEPT
- 人肠道质子依赖寡肽转运蛋白(human intestinal proton-dependent oligopeptide transporter)
- H-receptor
- 组织胺受体(histamine receptor)
- HA
- 血凝素(hemagglutinin)
- HAART
- highly active antiretroviral therapy
- HAMA
- 人抗小鼠抗体(human anti-mouse antibodies)
- HBA
- 氢键受体(hydrogen bond acceptor)
- HBD
- 氢键供体(hydrogen bond donor)
- HCV
- 丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus)
- HDL
- 高密度脂蛋白(high density lipoprotein)
- HERG
- 人类醚转运相关基因(human ether-a-go-go related gene)
- HIF
- 缺氧诱导因子(hypoxia-inducible factor)
- HIV
- 人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodefi ciency virus)
- HMGSCoA
- 3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A)
- HMGR
- 3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase)
- HOMO
- 最高占有分子轨道(highest occupied molecular orbital)
- HPLC
- 高效液相色谱(high-performance liquid chromatography)
- HPMA
- N-(2-羟丙基)甲基丙烯酰胺(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide)
- HPT
- 人肠道二肽/三肽转运蛋白(human intestinal di-/tri peptide transporter)
- HRV
- 人类鼻病毒(human rhinoviruses)
- HSV
- 单纯疱疹病毒(herpes simplex virus)
- HTS
- 高通量筛选(high-throughput screening)
I
[编辑]- IC50
- 将标靶抑制50%所需的药物浓度
- IGF-1R
- 胰岛素生长因子1受体(insulin growth factor 1 receptor)
- IND
- 新药研究豁免(Investigational Exemption to a New Drug Application)
- IP3
- 肌醇三磷酸(inositol triphosphate)
- IPER
- 国际初步审查报告(International Preliminary Examination Report)
- IRB
- 机构审查委员会(Institutional Review Board)
- ISR
- 国际搜索报告(International Search Report)
- ITC
- 等温滴定量热法(isothermal titration calorimetry)
- IUPAC
- 国际纯化学和应用化学联合会(International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry)
- IV
- 静脉(intravenous)
K
[编辑]- KD
- 解离结合常数(dissociation binding constant)
- Ki
- 抑制常数(inhibition constant)
- KM
- 米氏常数(Michaelis constant)
- KOR
- κ-阿片受体(kappa opioid receptor)
L
[编辑]- LAAM
- L-α-乙酰甲羟(L-α-acetylmethadol)
- LD50
- 杀死50%的测试动物,所需的致死剂量
- LDH
- 乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase)
- LH
- 黄体激素(luteinizing hormone)
- LHRH
- 黄体激素释放激素(luteinizing hormone-releasing hormones)
- LipE
- 亲脂效率(lipophilic efficiency)
- LogP
- 分配系数(partition coefficient)的对数
- LDL
- 低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein)
- LUMO
- 最低未占用的分子轨道(lowest unoccupied molecular orbital)
M
[编辑]- M-receptor
- 毒蕈碱受体(muscarinic receptor)
- MAA
- 营销授权申请(Marketing Authorization Application)
- MAB
- 单克隆抗体(monoclonal antibody)
- MAO
- 单胺氧化酶(monoamine oxidase)
- MAOI
- 单胺氧化酶抑制剂(monoamine oxidase inhibitor)
- MAOS
- 微波辅助有机合成(microwave assisted organic synthesis)
- MAP
- 丝裂原活化蛋白(mitogen-activated protein)
- MAPK
- 丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinases)
- MCH-R
- 黑色素浓缩激素受体(melanin-concentrating hormone receptor)
- MDR
- 多重抗药性(multidrug resistance)
- MDRTB
- 多重抗药性结核病(multidrug-resistant tuberculosis)
- MEP
- 分子静电势(molecular electrostatic potential)
- miRNA
- 微RNA(micro RNA)
- miRNP
- 微RNA蛋白(micro RNA protein)
- MMP
- 基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinase)
- MMPI
- 基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂(matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor)
- MOR
- μ-阿片受体(mu opioid receptor)
- MR
- 摩尔折射率(molar refractivity)
- mRNA
- 信使RNA(messenger RNA)
- MRSA
- 抗甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)
- MTDD
- 多目标新药研发(multi-target drug discovery)
- mTRKI
- 多酪氨酸受体激酶抑制剂(multi-tyrosine receptor kinase inhibitor)
- MWt
- 分子量(molecular weight)
N
[编辑]- N-receptor
- 烟碱受体(nicotinic receptor)
- NA
- 神经氨酸酶(neuraminidase)或去甲肾上腺素(noradrenaline)
- NAD+ /NADH
- 烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
- NADP+ /NADPH
- 烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
- NAG
- N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖(N-acetylglucosamine)
- NAM
- N-乙酰谷氨酸(N-acetylmuramic acid)
- NCE
- 新化学实体(new chemical entity)
- NDA
- 新药申请(New Drug Application)
- NICE
- 国家健康与临床优化研究所(National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence)
- NMDA
- N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(N -methyl-D-aspartate)
- NME
- 新分子实体(new molecular entity)
- NMR
- 核磁共振(nuclear magnetic resonance)
- NNRTI
- 非核苷逆转录酶抑制剂(non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
- NO
- 一氧化氮(nitric oxide)
- NOR
- 痛敏肽阿片受体(nociceptin opioid receptor)
- NOS
- 一氧化氮合酶(nitric oxide synthase)
- NRTI
- 核苷逆转录酶抑制剂(nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
- NSAID
- 非类固醇消炎药(non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug)
- NVOC
- 硝基甲酰氧基羰基(nitroveratryloxycarbonyl)
O
[编辑]- ORL1
- 阿片受体样受体(opioid receptor-like receptor)
P
[编辑]- P
- 分配系数(partition coefficient)
- PABA
- 对氨基苯甲酸(p-aminobenzoic acid)
- PBP
- 青霉素结合蛋白(penicillin binding protein)
- PCP
- 苯环利定(phencyclidine),别名“天使尘”(angel dust)
- PCT
- 专利合作条约(patent cooperation treaty)
- PDB
- 蛋白质数据库(protein data bank)
- PDE
- 磷酸二酯酶(phosphodiesterase)
- PDGF
- 血小板衍生生长因子(platelet-derived growth factor)
- PDGF-R
- 血小板衍生生长因子受体(platelet-derived growth factor receptor)
- PDT
- 光动力疗法(photodynamic therapy)
- PEG
- 聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol)
- PGE
- 前列腺素E(prostaglandin E)
- PGF
- 前列腺素F(prostaglandin F)
- PIP2
- 磷脂酰肌醇二磷酸(phosphatidylinositol diphosphate)
- PI
- 蛋白酶抑制剂(protease inhibitor)
- PKA
- 蛋白激酶A(protein kinase A)
- PKB
- 蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B)
- PKC
- 蛋白激酶C(protein kinase C)
- PLC
- 磷脂酶C(phospholipase C)
- PLS
- 偏最小平方法(partial least squares)
- PPBI
- 蛋白质 - 蛋白质结合抑制剂(protein–protein binding inhibitor)
- PPI
- 质子泵抑制剂(proton pump inhibitor)
- PPts
- 吡啶𬭩4-甲苯磺酸盐(pyridinium 4-toluenesulfonate)
Q
[编辑]- QSAR
- 定量结构活性关系(quantitative structure–activity relationships)
R
[编辑]- r
- 回归或相关系数(regression or correlation coefficient)
- R
- 芳香族取代基在QSAR中的共振效应(resonance effect of an aromatic substituent in QSAR)
- RES
- 网状内皮系统(reticuloendothelial system)
- RFC
- 还原叶酸载体(reduced folate carrier)
- RISC
- RNA诱导沉默复合物(RNA induced silencing complex)
- RMSD
- 均方根距离(root mean square distance)
- rRNA
- 核糖体RNA(ribosomal RNA)
- RNA
- 核糖核酸(ribonucleic acid)
S
[编辑]- s
- 估计或标准偏差的标准差(standard error of estimate or standard deviation)
- SAR
- 结构活性关系(structure–activity relationships)
- SCAL
- 安全捕获酸不稳定接头(safety-catch acid-labile linker)
- SCF
- 干细胞因子(stem cell factor)
- SCID
- 严重复合型免疫缺乏症(severe combined immunodeficiency disease)
- SKF
- 史密斯-葛兰-佛兰西公司(Smith-Kline and French),葛兰素史克公司(GlaxoSmithKline,GSK)的前身
- SNRI
- 选择性去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂(selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors)
- siRNA
- 小抑制性RNA(small inhibitory RNA)
- snRNA
- 小核RNA(small nuclear RNA)
- SOP
- 标准操作流程(standard operating procedure)
- SPA
- 邻近闪烁分析技术(scintillation proximity assay)
- SPE
- 固相萃取(solid phase extraction)
- SPOS
- 溶液相有机合成(solution phase organic synthesis)
- SPR
- 表面等离子体共振(surface plasmon resonance)
- ssDNA
- 单链DNA(single-stranded DNA)
- SSRI
- 选择性血清素再摄取抑制剂(selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor)
- ssRNA
- 单链RNA(single-stranded RNA)
T
[编辑]- TB
- 肺结核(tuberculosis)
- TCA
- 三环抗抑郁药(tricyclic antidepressants)
- TFA
- 三氟乙酸(trifluoroacetic acid)
- TGF-α
- 转化生长因子-α(transforming growth factor-α)
- TGF-β
- 转化生长因子-β(transforming growth factor-β)
- THF
- 四氢呋喃(tetrahydrofuran)
- TM
- 跨膜(transmembrane)
- TNF
- 肿瘤坏死因子(tumour necrosis factor)
- TNF-R
- 肿瘤坏死因子受体(tumour necrosis factor receptor)
- TNT
- 三硝基甲苯(trinitrotoluene)
- TRAIL
- TNF相关凋亡诱导配体(TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand)
- TRIPS
- 贸易相关方面的知识产权(trade related aspects of intellectual property rights)
- tRNA
- 转移RNA(transfer RNA)
U
[编辑]- UTI
- 尿道感染(urinary tract infection)
V
[编辑]- vdW
- 凡德华(van der Waals)
- VEGF
- 血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor)
- VEGF-R
- 血管内皮生长因子受体(vascular endothelial growth factor receptor)
- VIP
- 血管活性肠肽(vasoactive intestinal peptide)
- VOC–Cl
- 乙烯基氧羰基氯(vinyloxycarbonyl chloride)
- VRE
- 抗万古霉素肠球菌(vancomycin-resistant enterococci)
- VRSA
- 抗万古霉素金黄色葡萄球菌(vancomycin-resistant Staphylococci aureus)
- VZV
- 水痘带状疱疹病毒(varicella-zoster viruses)
W
[编辑]- WHO
- 世界卫生组织
- WTO
- 世界贸易组织