满语/第10节课 - 后缀词和连词
外观
< 满语
对话
[编辑]- niyalma tome emte cuse mooi xusihe weilefi, meimeni hala gebu be arafi emu sibiyai dobton de tebumbi, kadalara xusai sibiyai dobton gajifi acinggiyame, terei dorgi ci emke be tatambi, tatahangge we oci uthai xejilebumbi, xejilehengge sain oci sefu guwebure bithe emke be bumbi, tere guwebure bithe de ilan moo tantara be guwebu seme arambi, geli terei ninggude temgetu hergen arambi, aikabade xejileme muterakv ohode, guwebure bithe tucibufi tatame waliyafi, nenehe xanggan be weile de fangkabume tantabure be guwebumbi, aikabade guwebure bithe akv oci, urunakv ilan moo tantabure be alimbi.
- si tere nikan i bithe be tacifi ainambi?
- sini hendurengge udu inu secibe, mini gvnin de kemuni akvnahakv adali gvnimbi, te bicibe han beise duin mederi be uherilafi abkai fejergi be yooni gemu kadalahabi, jalan de nikan i gisun be baitalara ba umesi labdu, meni ere coohiyan i gisun oci, damu coohiyan i bade teile baitalambi, i jio be duleme nikan i bade jici, gubci yooni nikan i gisun ofi, we ya aika emu gisun fonjime ohode, yasa gadahvn i xame jabume muterakv oci gvwa niyalma membe ai niyalma seme tuwambi?
- si ere nikan i bithe be tacirengge, eici sini cihai tacimbio? sini ama eniye taci sembio?
- meni ama eniye taci sehe kai.
- sini tacihangge udu aniya oho?
- mini tacihangge hontohon aniya funcehe.
- gemu bahanambio bahanarakvn?
- inenggidari nikan i xusai emgi emu bade tefi bithe taciha turgunde majige bahanambi.
- sini sefu ainara niyalma?
- nikan i niyalma.
- se udu oho?
- gvsin sunja se oho.
- sithvme tacibumbio sithvme taciburakvn?
- meni sefu daci nomhon ofi, umesi sithvme tacibumbi.
- suweni geren xusai dorgi de nikan i niyalma udu? coohiyan i niyalma udu?
- nikan coohiyan tob seme emu dulin.
- terei dorgi de inu ehe ningge bio?
- ainu ehe ningge akv, tere ehe ningge be inenggidari dalaha xusai sefu de alafi tantacibe, umai gelere be sarkv. erei dorgi de nikan i jusei tacin umesi ehe, kemuni coohiyan i juse majige nomhon gese.
- amba age si te absi genembi?
- bi inu gemun hecen i baru genembi.
- si gemun hecen i baru geneci tetendere, bi coohiyan i niyalma, nikan i bade feliyeme urehe akv,bi sini emgi gucu arame geneci antaka?
- uttu oci sain kai, muse sasari yoki dere.
- age sini hala ai?
- mini hala wang.
译文
[编辑]- 每人各做一块竹片,写着各自的姓名,装入同一个签筒里,叫管理的生员拿签筒来摇动,从那里面抽一支,抽的是谁,就叫他背书,背的好时,师傅给一张免帖,那免帖上写着免打三板,那免帖顶上还画着花押。倘若不会背,交出免帖撕毁,将前功抵过免打,若是没有免帖,必定接受打三板。
- 你学那汉文做什么?
- 你说的虽然也是,敝意似仍不尽然,如今帝王一统四海,天下全部受管辖,世上使用汉语的地方很多,我们这朝鲜话,只用于朝鲜地面,一过义州,来到汉人地面,因为都是汉语,有谁问着一句话瞪眼不能回答时,别人将我们看成什么人呢?
- 你 学这汉文,是你自愿学吗?或是你的父母叫你学呢?
- 是 我们的父母叫我学的啊!
- 你学了几年了?
- 我 学了半年多?
- 都会 吗?
- 每天与汉人生员住在一处读书,因此会一些。
- 你的师傅是什么人?
- 是汉人。
- 有多少年纪了?
- 三十五岁了。
- 专心教书吗?
- 我们的师傅原来性情温顺,因此很专心教书。
- 你们众生员内多少汉人,多少朝鲜人?
- 汉人朝鲜人正好各一半。
- 那里面也有顽劣的吗?
- 为什么没有顽劣的呢?虽然为首的生员将那顽劣的禀告师傅责打,可是并不知道害怕。这里头汉人小孩的习性很坏,似乎还是朝鲜的小孩驯良些。
- 大阿哥你现在要往那里去?
- 我也是要往京城去。
- 你既然要往京城去,我是朝鲜人,汉人地方行走不熟,我与你做伴一同去如何?
- 这样很好啊!我们一同走吧!
- 阿哥你贵姓?
- 我姓王。
生词
[编辑].................................................................. | .................................................................. | .................................................................. | .................................................................. |
满语 | 汉语 | 满语 | 汉语 |
acinggiyambi | 移动、摇动 | aika | 如果、假若 |
aikabade | 假如、设若 | akvnambi | 到对岸、到尽头、周到、详尽 |
alimbi | 接受、忍受、承认、 | antaka | 何如、怎样 |
arambi | 作、写、做伴 | bahanambi | 会、懂得 |
baitalambi | 用、使用 | cihai | 任意、随便 |
cuse | 竹 | dalambi | 为首、伸开两臂量 |
dere | 脸面、方、方面、方向、桌子、想是 | dobton | 套、函 |
dorgi | 内、里、内部、对内 | dulin | 半、一半 |
ehe | 恶、凶 | eici | 或者、或许 |
emte | 各一 | fangkabumbi | 抵 |
fejergi | 下、下面、下等、下级、低、低级 | feliyembi | 来往行走 |
fonjimbi | 问 | funcembi | 剩余、多余 |
gadahvn | 细高、细长 | gajimbi | 拿来 |
gelembi | 怕、畏惧 | geren | 众、大家、全体 |
gese | 好象、犹如…、…似的、同等、相同的 | gubci | 全、普、整个 |
gvwa | 其它、别人 | hontohon | 半、一半 |
jabumbi | 回答、答、供认 | jalan | 世、代、辈数、节、队伍 |
juse | 孩子们 | kadalabumbi | 被管辖 |
kadalambi | 管、管辖、统领、指挥 | kemuni | 还、尚 |
majige | 少许、稍微 | meimeni | 各自 |
nenehe | 先前、从前 | ninggu | 上头、顶上 |
nomhon | 老实的、驯良的 | sasari | 一齐 |
sithvmbi | 专心 | tacin | 学习、学业、习俗、习惯、教、道 |
tantambi | 打 | teile | 尽其所能、唯、唯独、只有 |
temgetu | 标记、记号、证据、凭证、图章 | tetendere | 既然 |
tob | 正直的、刚好 | tome | 每个、每次 |
tucibumbi | 拿出、弄出、派出、出殡、举荐 | turgunde | 因为 |
tuwambi | 看、阅、照 | udu | 几个、虽然 |
uherilambi | 统共、总合起来 | umai | 全然、完全 |
urembi | 熟 | urunakv | 一定要、必定 |
waliyambi | 丢、丢失、扔、抛弃、吐出、宽容、免除 | weile | 罪、事 |
weilembi | 工作、劳动 | xambi | 盯着瞧、烘干 |
xanggan | 完成、成绩 | xusihe | 牌子 |
yasa | 眼睛 | yoki | 走、行 |
yombi | 走、行 | yooni | 全、都 |
语法
[编辑]后缀词
[编辑]满语最常用的后缀词是:
......................................... | ......................................... | ......................................... | ......................................... |
满语 | 汉语 | 满语 | 汉语 |
adali | The same as | jakade | Because of, when |
baru | To | jalin | Because |
canggi | Only | manggi | After |
dahame | Because of this | nerginde | When |
ebsi | Since | ninggude | On top of |
emde | Together with | onggolo | Before |
emgi | Together with | saka | And then |
ergide | At … direction | sidende | When |
fonde | When | songkoi | In accordance with |
haran | Because of | tetendere | Since… |
ici | To | tulgiyen | Apart from this.. |
ishvn | To | turgunde | Because of |
jaka | Just then | ||
......................................... | ......................................... | ......................................... | ......................................... |
连词
[编辑]满语最常用的连词是:
.................................................................. | .................................................................. | .................................................................. | .................................................................. |
满语 | 汉语 | 满语 | 汉语 |
jai… | …and… | bime… | … and at the same time … |
emu derei ......emu derei...... | …on the one hand…。And on the other… | ememu ....... ememu ...... | … on the one hand …。And on the other… |
ememungge ...... ememungge ..... | … on the one hand …。And on the other… | eici ........ eici ........... | Either…..or…… |
embici........... embici.......... | Either…..or…… | ........teile akv......... Inu/geli | Not only….. But also…。 |
.........dade, geli | Not only….. But also… | .............sere anggala.............Inu/geli | Not only….. But also… |
tuttu ofi, uttu ofi, tuttu | Therefore… | ….jakade | Because |
…turgunde | Because | …ofi | Because (after becoming) |
…ohode | Because of (when it became) | teni… | Then … |
…seme | Because of... | aika .......... oci | If…then… |
aikabade ......... oci | If…then… | unenggi .............oci | If…then… |
..................oci | If…then | .............. ohode , teni ................. | If…then… (more for only if A then B) |
udu.............. seme | Although… | udu ............ bicibe , inu ................ | Although… also… |
udu ............ (verb-)cibe | Although… | udu ............ ocibe , inu.................. | Although… also… |
udu .................secibe , inu .............. | Although… also… | uthai ............. ocibe | Even though… |
uthai ................. seme | Even though… | uthai ................ okini | Even though… |
damu | But... only… | tuttu oci… | In that case… |
uttu oci… | In this case… | tuttu bime… | Yet/however… |
uttu bime… | Yet/however… | uttu seme… | Yet/however… |
tuttu secibe… | Yet/however… | neneme… | On the contrary |
.................................................................. | .................................................................. | .................................................................. | .................................................................. |
Information on Linking words was taken from the Manchu Sky website(满洲天空网站). More specifically from a post by Baksi titled:满洲族语的连词 (see link below)