人类生理学/感官
什么是感觉？[编辑]
化学受器[编辑]
味觉系统[编辑]
Papilla[编辑]
Structure of Taste Buds[编辑]
Types of Taste[编辑]
Disorders of the Tongue[编辑]
嗅觉系统[编辑]
Receptors[编辑]
In the brain[编辑]
Pheromonal olfaction[编辑]
Olfaction and Gustation[编辑]
Disorders of Olfaction[编辑]
视觉[编辑]
眼睛解剖[编辑]
眼睛运动[编辑]
我们如何看东西[编辑]
Depth Perception[编辑]
[编辑]
思考[编辑]
- 为什么我们平常不会注意到盲点？
- 看著一个光源十秒钟，然后看旁边的白纸，你观察到什么？原因是？
- 为什么晚上盯著一个东西看，他会暂时消失？要怎么让他重新出现？
- 杆状细胞对什么敏感？锥状细胞对什么敏感？
- 解释颠茄（Deadly Nightshade）的作用
听觉[编辑]
耳朵解剖学[编辑]
Process of Hearing[编辑]
水中的听觉[编辑]
Localization of Sound by Humans[编辑]
平衡感的机制[编辑]
Disorders with the Ear[编辑]
思考[编辑]
触觉[编辑]
巴齐尼氏小体（Pacinian Corpuscles）[编辑]
梅斯纳氏小体（Meissner's Corpuscles）[编辑]
梅克尔触觉盘（Merkel's Discs）[编辑]
鲁菲尼小体（Ruffini corpuscles）[编辑]
触觉失调[编辑]
案例研究[编辑]
The newborn's senses[编辑]
Review Questions[编辑]
词汇表[编辑]
- 嗅觉丧失（Anosmia）
- 丧失嗅觉的疾病
- 听道（Auditory Canal）
Tube from the auditory meatus or opening of the ear to the tympanic membrane
- 耳咽管（Auditory Tube）
Either of the paired tubes connecting the middle ears to the nasopharynx; equalizes air pressure on the two sides of the eardrum
- 化学感受（Chemoreception）
Physiological response of a sense organ to a chemical stimulus
- 脉络膜（Choroid）
Vascular layer of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera
Circumvallate papillae: Papillae that are present on the back of the oral part of the tongue
- 耳蜗（Cochlea）
Is concerned with hearing, resembling a shell of a snail
- 嗅觉障碍（Dysosmia）
When things smell differently than they should
Equilibrium: Sense of balance
Extraocular muscles: Six muscles that control eye movements: lateral rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, superior rectus, inferior oblique and superior oblique
Filiform papillae: Thin, longer papillae that don't contain taste buds but are the most numerous
Foliate papillae: Ridges and grooves towards the posterior part of the tongue
Fungiform papillae: These are present mostly at the apex (tip) of the tongue- slightly mushroom shaped
- 味觉（Gustation）
- 对味道的感觉
Hair Cell: Mechanosensors for hearing, columnar cells each with a bundle of 100-200 specialized cilia at the top
- 触觉（Haptic）
From the Greek Haphe, means pertaining to the sense of touch
Hyposmia: Decreased ability to smell
- 内耳（Inner Ear）
Innermost part of the ear, contains the cochlea, westibule and semi-circular canals
- 机械感受器（Mechanoreceptor）
Sensory receptor that responds to mechanical pressure or distortion
Meissner's Corpuscle: Encapsulated unmyelinated nerve endings, usually found in areas sensitive to light touch
- 中耳（Middle Ear）
Air Filled Cavity behind the Ear Drum, includes most of the ear Drum and ear Bones
Nasopharynx: Nasal part of the pharynx that lies behind the nose and above the level of the soft palate
Nociception: The perception of pain
- 嗅觉（Olfaction）
- 感觉香味与臭味等的感受
- 中耳炎（Otitis Media）
- 中耳部份的发炎
- 外耳（Outer Ear）
External portion of the ear, includes the auricle, ear canal and surface of the ear drum
Oval Window: Fenestra that has the base of the stapes attached to it
Pacinian Corpuscles; Detect gross pressure changes and vibrations
Papilla: Specialized epithelial cells that are small projections on the top of the tongue
Perception: The brain’s interpretation of a sensation
Phantosmia: Phenomenon of smelling odors that aren't really present (AKA Phantom odors)
Photoreceptors: Specialized type of neuron found in the eye's retina that is capable of phototransduction
Pinna: Auricle of the ear
Retina: Thin layer of neural cells that lines the back of the eyeball of vertebrates and some cephalopods
Round Window: Fenestra leading into the cochlea
Sclera: White outer coating of the eye- gives the eye its shape and helps to protect the delicate inner parts
Semicircular Canals: Certain canals of the inner ear
Sensation: Occurs when nerve impulses arrive in the brain
Sensory adaptation: A decrease in response to stimuli
Stapes: One of the small bones in the tympanum of the ear; the stirrups bone
Tactition: The sense of pressure perception, generally in the skin
Tympanic Membrane: The membrane in the ear that vibrates to produce sound
- 鲜味（Umami）
- 源自日文字，代表类似肉或者鱼的味道。主要是氨基酸的味道