人類生理學/感官
什麼是感覺?[编辑]
化學受器[编辑]
味覺系統[编辑]
Papilla[编辑]
Structure of Taste Buds[编辑]
Types of Taste[编辑]
Disorders of the Tongue[编辑]
嗅覺系統[编辑]
Receptors[编辑]
In the brain[编辑]
Pheromonal olfaction[编辑]
Olfaction and Gustation[编辑]
Disorders of Olfaction[编辑]
視覺[编辑]
眼睛解剖[编辑]
眼睛運動[编辑]
我們如何看東西[编辑]
Depth Perception[编辑]
[编辑]
思考[编辑]
- 為什麼我們平常不會注意到盲點?
- 看著一個光源十秒鐘,然後看旁邊的白紙,你觀察到什麼?原因是?
- 為什麼晚上盯著一個東西看,他會暫時消失?要怎麼讓他重新出現?
- 桿狀細胞對什麼敏感?錐狀細胞對什麼敏感?
- 解釋顛茄(Deadly Nightshade)的作用
聽覺[编辑]
耳朵解剖學[编辑]
Process of Hearing[编辑]
水中的聽覺[编辑]
Localization of Sound by Humans[编辑]
平衡感的機制[编辑]
Disorders with the Ear[编辑]
思考[编辑]
觸覺[编辑]
巴齊尼氏小體(Pacinian Corpuscles)[编辑]
梅斯納氏小體(Meissner's Corpuscles)[编辑]
梅克爾觸覺盤(Merkel's Discs)[编辑]
魯菲尼小體(Ruffini corpuscles)[编辑]
觸覺失調[编辑]
案例研究[编辑]
The newborn's senses[编辑]
Review Questions[编辑]
詞彙表[编辑]
- 嗅覺喪失(Anosmia)
- 喪失嗅覺的疾病
- 聽道(Auditory Canal)
Tube from the auditory meatus or opening of the ear to the tympanic membrane
- 耳咽管(Auditory Tube)
Either of the paired tubes connecting the middle ears to the nasopharynx; equalizes air pressure on the two sides of the eardrum
- 化學感受(Chemoreception)
Physiological response of a sense organ to a chemical stimulus
- 脈絡膜(Choroid)
Vascular layer of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera
Circumvallate papillae: Papillae that are present on the back of the oral part of the tongue
- 耳蝸(Cochlea)
Is concerned with hearing, resembling a shell of a snail
- 嗅覺障礙(Dysosmia)
When things smell differently than they should
Equilibrium: Sense of balance
Extraocular muscles: Six muscles that control eye movements: lateral rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, superior rectus, inferior oblique and superior oblique
Filiform papillae: Thin, longer papillae that don't contain taste buds but are the most numerous
Foliate papillae: Ridges and grooves towards the posterior part of the tongue
Fungiform papillae: These are present mostly at the apex (tip) of the tongue- slightly mushroom shaped
- 味覺(Gustation)
- 對味道的感覺
Hair Cell: Mechanosensors for hearing, columnar cells each with a bundle of 100-200 specialized cilia at the top
- 觸覺(Haptic)
From the Greek Haphe, means pertaining to the sense of touch
Hyposmia: Decreased ability to smell
- 內耳(Inner Ear)
Innermost part of the ear, contains the cochlea, westibule and semi-circular canals
- 機械感受器(Mechanoreceptor)
Sensory receptor that responds to mechanical pressure or distortion
Meissner's Corpuscle: Encapsulated unmyelinated nerve endings, usually found in areas sensitive to light touch
- 中耳(Middle Ear)
Air Filled Cavity behind the Ear Drum, includes most of the ear Drum and ear Bones
Nasopharynx: Nasal part of the pharynx that lies behind the nose and above the level of the soft palate
Nociception: The perception of pain
- 嗅覺(Olfaction)
- 感覺香味與臭味等的感受
- 中耳炎(Otitis Media)
- 中耳部份的發炎
- 外耳(Outer Ear)
External portion of the ear, includes the auricle, ear canal and surface of the ear drum
Oval Window: Fenestra that has the base of the stapes attached to it
Pacinian Corpuscles; Detect gross pressure changes and vibrations
Papilla: Specialized epithelial cells that are small projections on the top of the tongue
Perception: The brain’s interpretation of a sensation
Phantosmia: Phenomenon of smelling odors that aren't really present (AKA Phantom odors)
Photoreceptors: Specialized type of neuron found in the eye's retina that is capable of phototransduction
Pinna: Auricle of the ear
Retina: Thin layer of neural cells that lines the back of the eyeball of vertebrates and some cephalopods
Round Window: Fenestra leading into the cochlea
Sclera: White outer coating of the eye- gives the eye its shape and helps to protect the delicate inner parts
Semicircular Canals: Certain canals of the inner ear
Sensation: Occurs when nerve impulses arrive in the brain
Sensory adaptation: A decrease in response to stimuli
Stapes: One of the small bones in the tympanum of the ear; the stirrups bone
Tactition: The sense of pressure perception, generally in the skin
Tympanic Membrane: The membrane in the ear that vibrates to produce sound
- 鮮味(Umami)
- 源自日文字,代表類似肉或者魚的味道。主要是胺基酸的味道