帮助:数学公式

维基教科书使用HTML标记和 $T e X$ 的变体的组合来渲染数学公式。默认生成含不可见MathML的SVG图像，若想生成PNG图像，可在参数设置的“数学公式”一栏中调整。

数学记号应该放在<math> ... </math>标记中。更详细的内容，或者关于 $T e X$ 显示的讨论或者您有任何建议，请到英文维基百科的相关页面。

函数、符号及特殊字符

声调/变音符号 [编辑]
`\acute{a} \grave{a} \hat{a} \tilde{a} \breve{a}`	${\acute {a}}{\grave {a}}{\hat {a}}{\tilde {a}}{\breve {a}}\,\!$
`\check{a} \bar{a} \ddot{a} \dot{a}`	${\check {a}}{\bar {a}}{\ddot {a}}{\dot {a}}\!$
标准函数 [编辑]
`\sin a \cos b \tan c`	$\sin a\cos b\tan c\!$
`\sec d \csc e \cot f`	$\sec d\csc e\cot f\,\!$
`\arcsin h \arccos i \arctan j`	$\arcsin h\arccos i\arctan j\,\!$
`\sinh k \cosh l \tanh m \coth n\!`	$\sinh k\cosh l\tanh m\coth n\!$
`\operatorname{sh}o\,\operatorname{ch}p\,\operatorname{th}q\!`	$\operatorname {sh} o\,\operatorname {ch} p\,\operatorname {th} q\!$
`\operatorname{arsinh}r\,\operatorname{arcosh}s\,\operatorname{artanh}t`	$\operatorname {arsinh} r\,\operatorname {arcosh} s\,\operatorname {artanh} t\!$
`\lim u \limsup v \liminf w \min x \max y\!`	$\lim u\limsup v\liminf w\min x\max y\!$
`\inf z \sup a \exp b \ln c \lg d \log e \log_{10} f \ker g\!`	$\inf z\sup a\exp b\ln c\lg d\log e\log _{10}f\ker g\!$
`\deg h \gcd i \Pr j \det k \hom l \arg m \dim n`	$\deg h\gcd i\Pr j\det k\hom l\arg m\dim n\!$
模代数 [编辑]
`s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m}`	$s_{k}\equiv 0{\pmod {m}}\,\!$
`a\,\bmod\,b`	$a\,{\bmod {\,}}b\,\!$
微分 [编辑]
`\nabla \, \partial x \, \mathrm{d}x \, \dot x \, \ddot y\, \mathrm{d}y/\mathrm{d}x\, \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}\, \frac{\partial^2 y}{\partial x_1\,\partial x_2}`	$\nabla \,\partial x\,\mathrm {d} x\,{\dot {x}}\,{\ddot {y}}\,\mathrm {d} y/\mathrm {d} x\,{\frac {\mathrm {d} y}{\mathrm {d} x}}\,{\frac {\partial ^{2}y}{\partial x_{1}\,\partial x_{2}}}$
集合 [编辑]
`\forall \exists \empty \emptyset \varnothing`	$\forall \exists \emptyset \emptyset \varnothing \,\!$
`\in \ni \not \in \notin \subset \subseteq \supset \supseteq`	$\in \ni \not \in \notin \subset \subseteq \supset \supseteq \,\!$
`\cap \bigcap \cup \bigcup \biguplus \setminus \smallsetminus`	$\cap \bigcap \cup \bigcup \biguplus \setminus \smallsetminus \,\!$
`\sqsubset \sqsubseteq \sqsupset \sqsupseteq \sqcap \sqcup \bigsqcup`	$\sqsubset \sqsubseteq \sqsupset \sqsupseteq \sqcap \sqcup \bigsqcup \,\!$
运算符 [编辑]
`+ \oplus \bigoplus \pm \mp -`	$+\oplus \bigoplus \pm \mp -\,\!$
`\times \otimes \bigotimes \cdot \circ \bullet \bigodot`	$\times \otimes \bigotimes \cdot \circ \bullet \bigodot \,\!$
`\star * / \div \frac{1}{2}`	$\star */\div {\frac {1}{2}}\,\!$
逻辑符号 [编辑]
`\land (or \and) \wedge \bigwedge \bar{q} \to p`	$\land \wedge \bigwedge {\bar {q}}\to p\,\!$
`\lor \vee \bigvee \lnot \neg q \And`	$\lor \vee \bigvee \lnot \neg q\And \,\!$
根号 [编辑]
`\sqrt{x} \sqrt[n]{x}`	${\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt[{n}]{x}}\,\!$
关系符号 [编辑]
`\sim \approx \simeq \cong \dot= \overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=}`	$\sim \approx \simeq \cong {\dot {=}}{\overset {\underset {\mathrm {def} }{}}{=}}\,\!$
`< \le \ll \gg \ge > \equiv \not\equiv \ne \mbox{or} \neq \propto`	$<\leq \ll \gg \geq >\equiv \not \equiv \neq {\mbox{or}}\neq \propto \,\!$
`\lessapprox \lesssim \eqslantless \leqslant \leqq \geqq \geqslant \eqslantgtr \gtrsim \gtrapprox`	$\lessapprox \lesssim \eqslantless \leqslant \leqq \geqq \geqslant \eqslantgtr \gtrsim \gtrapprox$
几何符号 [编辑]
`\Diamond \Box \triangle \angle \perp \mid \nmid \\| 45^\circ`	$\Diamond \,\Box \,\triangle \,\angle \perp \,\mid \;\nmid \,\\|45^{\circ }\,\!$
箭头 [编辑]
`\leftarrow (or \gets) \rightarrow (or \to) \nleftarrow \nrightarrow \leftrightarrow \nleftrightarrow \longleftarrow \longrightarrow \longleftrightarrow`	$\leftarrow \rightarrow \nleftarrow \nrightarrow \leftrightarrow \nleftrightarrow \longleftarrow \longrightarrow \longleftrightarrow \,\!$
`\Leftarrow \Rightarrow \nLeftarrow \nRightarrow \Leftrightarrow \nLeftrightarrow \Longleftarrow \Longrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow (or \iff)`	$\Leftarrow \Rightarrow \nLeftarrow \nRightarrow \Leftrightarrow \nLeftrightarrow \Longleftarrow \Longrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow \!$
`\uparrow \downarrow \updownarrow \Uparrow \Downarrow \Updownarrow \nearrow \searrow \swarrow \nwarrow`	$\uparrow \downarrow \updownarrow \Uparrow \Downarrow \Updownarrow \nearrow \searrow \swarrow \nwarrow \!$
`\rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leftharpoonup \leftharpoondown \upharpoonleft \upharpoonright \downharpoonleft \downharpoonright \rightleftharpoons \leftrightharpoons`	$\rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leftharpoonup \leftharpoondown \upharpoonleft \upharpoonright \downharpoonleft \downharpoonright \rightleftharpoons \leftrightharpoons \,\!$
`\curvearrowleft \circlearrowleft \Lsh \upuparrows \rightrightarrows \rightleftarrows \Rrightarrow \rightarrowtail \looparrowright`	$\curvearrowleft \circlearrowleft \Lsh \upuparrows \rightrightarrows \rightleftarrows \Rrightarrow \rightarrowtail \looparrowright \,\!$
`\curvearrowright \circlearrowright \Rsh \downdownarrows \leftleftarrows \leftrightarrows \Lleftarrow \leftarrowtail \looparrowleft`	$\curvearrowright \circlearrowright \Rsh \downdownarrows \leftleftarrows \leftrightarrows \Lleftarrow \leftarrowtail \looparrowleft \,\!$
`\mapsto \longmapsto \hookrightarrow \hookleftarrow \multimap \leftrightsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow`	$\mapsto \longmapsto \hookrightarrow \hookleftarrow \multimap \leftrightsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow \,\!$
特殊符号 [编辑]
`\And \eth \S \P \% \dagger \ddagger \ldots \cdots`	$\And \eth \S \P \%\dagger \ddagger \ldots \cdots \,\!$
`\smile \frown \wr \triangleleft \triangleright \infty \bot \top`	$\smile \frown \wr \triangleleft \triangleright \infty \bot \top \,\!$
`\vdash \vDash \Vdash \models \lVert \rVert \imath \hbar`	$\vdash \vDash \Vdash \models \lVert \rVert \imath \hbar \,\!$
`\ell \mho \Finv \Re \Im \wp \complement`	$\ell \mho \Finv \Re \Im \wp \complement \,\!$
`\diamondsuit \heartsuit \clubsuit \spadesuit \Game \flat \natural \sharp`	$\diamondsuit \heartsuit \clubsuit \spadesuit \Game \flat \natural \sharp \,\!$
`\vartriangle \triangledown \lozenge \circledS \measuredangle \nexists \Bbbk \backprime \blacktriangle \blacktriangledown`	$\vartriangle \triangledown \lozenge \circledS \measuredangle \nexists \Bbbk \backprime \blacktriangle \blacktriangledown$
`\blacksquare \blacklozenge \bigstar \sphericalangle \diagup \diagdown \dotplus \Cap \Cup \barwedge`	$\blacksquare \blacklozenge \bigstar \sphericalangle \diagup \diagdown \dotplus \Cap \Cup \barwedge \!$
`\veebar \doublebarwedge \boxminus \boxtimes \boxdot \boxplus \divideontimes \ltimes \rtimes \leftthreetimes`	$\veebar \doublebarwedge \boxminus \boxtimes \boxdot \boxplus \divideontimes \ltimes \rtimes \leftthreetimes$
`\rightthreetimes \curlywedge \curlyvee \circleddash \circledast \circledcirc \centerdot \intercal \leqq \leqslant`	$\rightthreetimes \curlywedge \curlyvee \circleddash \circledast \circledcirc \centerdot \intercal \leqq \leqslant$
`\eqslantless \lessapprox \approxeq \lessdot \lll \lessgtr \lesseqgtr \lesseqqgtr \doteqdot \risingdotseq`	$\eqslantless \lessapprox \approxeq \lessdot \lll \lessgtr \lesseqgtr \lesseqqgtr \doteqdot \risingdotseq$
`\fallingdotseq \backsim \backsimeq \subseteqq \Subset \preccurlyeq \curlyeqprec \precsim \precapprox \vartriangleleft`	$\fallingdotseq \backsim \backsimeq \subseteqq \Subset \preccurlyeq \curlyeqprec \precsim \precapprox \vartriangleleft$
`\Vvdash \bumpeq \Bumpeq \eqsim \gtrdot`	$\Vvdash \bumpeq \Bumpeq \eqsim \gtrdot$
`\ggg \gtrless \gtreqless \gtreqqless \eqcirc \circeq \triangleq \thicksim \thickapprox \supseteqq`	$\ggg \gtrless \gtreqless \gtreqqless \eqcirc \circeq \triangleq \thicksim \thickapprox \supseteqq$
`\Supset \succcurlyeq \curlyeqsucc \succsim \succapprox \vartriangleright \shortmid \between \shortparallel \pitchfork`	$\Supset \succcurlyeq \curlyeqsucc \succsim \succapprox \vartriangleright \shortmid \between \shortparallel \pitchfork$
`\varpropto \blacktriangleleft \therefore \backepsilon \blacktriangleright \because \nleqslant \nleqq \lneq \lneqq`	$\varpropto \blacktriangleleft \therefore \backepsilon \blacktriangleright \because \nleqslant \nleqq \lneq \lneqq$
`\lvertneqq \lnsim \lnapprox \nprec \npreceq \precneqq \precnsim \precnapprox \nsim \nshortmid`	$\lvertneqq \lnsim \lnapprox \nprec \npreceq \precneqq \precnsim \precnapprox \nsim \nshortmid$
`\nvdash \nVdash \ntriangleleft \ntrianglelefteq \nsubseteq \nsubseteqq \varsubsetneq \subsetneqq \varsubsetneqq \ngtr`	$\nvdash \nVdash \ntriangleleft \ntrianglelefteq \nsubseteq \nsubseteqq \varsubsetneq \subsetneqq \varsubsetneqq \ngtr$
`\subsetneq`	$\subsetneq$
`\ngeqslant \ngeqq \gneq \gneqq \gvertneqq \gnsim \gnapprox \nsucc \nsucceq \succneqq`	$\ngeqslant \ngeqq \gneq \gneqq \gvertneqq \gnsim \gnapprox \nsucc \nsucceq \succneqq$
`\succnsim \succnapprox \ncong \nshortparallel \nparallel \nvDash \nVDash \ntriangleright \ntrianglerighteq \nsupseteq`	$\succnsim \succnapprox \ncong \nshortparallel \nparallel \nvDash \nVDash \ntriangleright \ntrianglerighteq \nsupseteq$
`\nsupseteqq \varsupsetneq \supsetneqq \varsupsetneqq`	$\nsupseteqq \varsupsetneq \supsetneqq \varsupsetneqq$
`\jmath \surd \ast \uplus \diamond \bigtriangleup \bigtriangledown \ominus`	$\jmath \surd \ast \uplus \diamond \bigtriangleup \bigtriangledown \ominus \,\!$
`\oslash \odot \bigcirc \amalg \prec \succ \preceq \succeq`	$\oslash \odot \bigcirc \amalg \prec \succ \preceq \succeq \,\!$
`\dashv \asymp \doteq \parallel`	$\dashv \asymp \doteq \parallel \,\!$
`\ulcorner \urcorner \llcorner \lrcorner`	$\ulcorner \urcorner \llcorner \lrcorner$
`\Coppa\coppa\varcoppa\Digamma\Koppa\koppa\Sampi\sampi\Stigma\stigma\varstigma`	$\mathrm {\Coppa} \mathrm {\coppa} \mbox{\coppa} \mathrm {\Digamma} \mathrm {\Koppa} \mathrm {\koppa} \mathrm {\Sampi} \mathrm {\sampi} \mathrm {\Stigma} \mathrm {\stigma} \mathrm {\varstigma}$

上标、下标及积分等

使用HTML标签<sub>和<sup>也可以实现上标下标的效果。

如输入：

x<sup>2<sup>

显示为：

x²

功能	语法	效果
上标	`a^2`	$a^{2}$
下标	`a_2`	$a_{2}$
组合	`a^{2+2}`	$a^{2+2}$
组合	`a_{i,j}`	$a_{i,j}$
结合上下标	`x_2^3`	$x_{2}^{3}$
前置上下标	`{}_1^2\!X_3^4`	${}_{1}^{2}\!X_{3}^{4}$
导数（HTML）	`x'`	$x'$
导数（PNG）	`x^\prime`	$x^{\prime }$
导数（错误）	`x\prime`	$x\prime$
导数点	`\dot{x}`	${\dot {x}}$
导数点	`\ddot{y}`	${\ddot {y}}$
向量	`\vec{c}`	${\vec {c}}$
	\mathbf{c}	$\mathbf {c}$
	`\overleftarrow{a b}`	${\overleftarrow {ab}}$
	`\overrightarrow{c d}`	${\overrightarrow {cd}}$
	`\widehat{e f g}`	${\widehat {efg}}$
上弧^[1]	`\overset{\frown} {AB}`	${\overset {\frown }{AB}}$
上划线	`\overline{h i j}`	${\overline {hij}}$
下划线	`\underline{k l m}`	${\underline {klm}}$
上括号	`\overbrace{1+2+\cdots+100}`	$\overbrace {1+2+\cdots +100}$
上括号	`\begin{matrix} 5050 \\ \overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 } \end{matrix}`	${\begin{matrix}5050\\\overbrace {1+2+\cdots +100} \end{matrix}}$
下括号	`\underbrace{a+b+\cdots+z}`	$\underbrace {a+b+\cdots +z}$
下括号	`\begin{matrix} \underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z } \\ 26 \end{matrix}`	${\begin{matrix}\underbrace {a+b+\cdots +z} \\26\end{matrix}}$
求和	`\sum_{k=1}^N k^2`	$\sum _{k=1}^{N}k^{2}$
求和	`\begin{matrix} \sum_{k=1}^N k^2 \end{matrix}`	${\begin{matrix}\sum _{k=1}^{N}k^{2}\end{matrix}}$
求积	`\prod_{i=1}^N x_i`	$\prod _{i=1}^{N}x_{i}$
求积	`\begin{matrix} \prod_{i=1}^N x_i \end{matrix}`	${\begin{matrix}\prod _{i=1}^{N}x_{i}\end{matrix}}$
上积	`\coprod_{i=1}^N x_i`	$\coprod _{i=1}^{N}x_{i}$
上积	`\begin{matrix} \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i \end{matrix}`	${\begin{matrix}\coprod _{i=1}^{N}x_{i}\end{matrix}}$
极限	`\lim_{n \to \infty}x_n`	$\lim _{n\to \infty }x_{n}$
极限	`\begin{matrix} \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n \end{matrix}`	${\begin{matrix}\lim _{n\to \infty }x_{n}\end{matrix}}$
积分	`\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, \mathrm{d}x`	$\int _{-N}^{N}e^{x}\,\mathrm {d} x$
积分	`\begin{matrix} \int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, \mathrm{d}x \end{matrix}`	${\begin{matrix}\int _{-N}^{N}e^{x}\,\mathrm {d} x\end{matrix}}$
双重积分	`\iint_{D}^{W} \, \mathrm{d}x\,\mathrm{d}y`	$\iint _{D}^{W}\,\mathrm {d} x\,\mathrm {d} y$
三重积分	`\iiint_{E}^{V} \, \mathrm{d}x\,\mathrm{d}y\,\mathrm{d}z`	$\iiint _{E}^{V}\,\mathrm {d} x\,\mathrm {d} y\,\mathrm {d} z$
四重积分	`\iiiint_{F}^{U} \, \mathrm{d}x\,\mathrm{d}y\,\mathrm{d}z\,\mathrm{d}t`	$\iiiint _{F}^{U}\,\mathrm {d} x\,\mathrm {d} y\,\mathrm {d} z\,\mathrm {d} t$
闭合曲线、曲面积分	\oint_{C} x^3\, \mathrm{d}x + 4y^2\, \mathrm{d}y	$\oint _{C}x^{3}\,\mathrm {d} x+4y^{2}\,\mathrm {d} y$
交集	`\bigcap_1^{n} p`	$\bigcap _{1}^{n}p$
并集	`\bigcup_1^{k} p`	$\bigcup _{1}^{k}p$

分数、矩阵和多行列式

功能	语法	效果
分数	`\frac{2}{4}=0.5`	${\frac {2}{4}}=0.5$
小型分数	`\tfrac{2}{4} = 0.5`	${\tfrac {2}{4}}=0.5$
大型分数（嵌套）	`\cfrac{2}{c + \cfrac{2}{d + \cfrac{2}{4}}} = a`	${\cfrac {2}{c+{\cfrac {2}{d+{\cfrac {2}{4}}}}}}=a$
大型分数（不嵌套）	`\dfrac{2}{4} = 0.5 \qquad \dfrac{2}{c + \dfrac{2}{d + \dfrac{2}{4}}} = a`	${\dfrac {2}{4}}=0.5\qquad {\dfrac {2}{c+{\dfrac {2}{d+{\dfrac {2}{4}}}}}}=a$
二项式系数	`\dbinom{n}{r}=\binom{n}{n-r}=\mathrm{C}_n^r=\mathrm{C}_n^{n-r}`	${\dbinom {n}{r}}={\binom {n}{n-r}}=\mathrm {C} _{n}^{r}=\mathrm {C} _{n}^{n-r}$
小型二项式系数	`\tbinom{n}{r}=\tbinom{n}{n-r}=\mathrm{C}_n^r=\mathrm{C}_n^{n-r}`	${\tbinom {n}{r}}={\tbinom {n}{n-r}}=\mathrm {C} _{n}^{r}=\mathrm {C} _{n}^{n-r}$
大型二项式系数	`\binom{n}{r}=\dbinom{n}{n-r}=\mathrm{C}_n^r=\mathrm{C}_n^{n-r}`	${\binom {n}{r}}={\dbinom {n}{n-r}}=\mathrm {C} _{n}^{r}=\mathrm {C} _{n}^{n-r}$
矩阵	\begin{matrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{matrix}	${\begin{matrix}x&y\\z&v\end{matrix}}$
	\begin{vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{vmatrix}	${\begin{vmatrix}x&y\\z&v\end{vmatrix}}$
	\begin{Vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{Vmatrix}	${\begin{Vmatrix}x&y\\z&v\end{Vmatrix}}$
	\begin{bmatrix} 0 & \cdots & 0 \\ \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ 0 & \cdots & 0 \end{bmatrix}	${\begin{bmatrix}0&\cdots &0\\\vdots &\ddots &\vdots \\0&\cdots &0\end{bmatrix}}$
	\begin{Bmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{Bmatrix}	${\begin{Bmatrix}x&y\\z&v\end{Bmatrix}}$
	\begin{pmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{pmatrix}	${\begin{pmatrix}x&y\\z&v\end{pmatrix}}$
	\bigl( \begin{smallmatrix} a&b\\ c&d \end{smallmatrix} \bigr)	${\bigl (}{\begin{smallmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{smallmatrix}}{\bigr )}$
条件定义	f(n) = \begin{cases} n/2, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even} \\ 3n+1, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is odd} \end{cases}	$f(n)={\begin{cases}n/2,&{\mbox{if }}n{\mbox{ is even}}\\3n+1,&{\mbox{if }}n{\mbox{ is odd}}\end{cases}}$
多行等式、同余式	\begin{align} f(x) & = (m+n)^2 \\ & = m^2+2mn+n^2 \\ \end{align}	${\begin{aligned}f(x)&=(m+n)^{2}\\&=m^{2}+2mn+n^{2}\\\end{aligned}}$
	begin{align} 3^{6n+3}+4^{6n+3} & \equiv (3^3)^{2n+1}+(4^3)^{2n+1}\\ & \equiv 27^{2n+1}+64^{2n+1}\\ & \equiv 27^{2n+1}+(-27)^{2n+1}\\ & \equiv 27^{2n+1}-27^{2n+1}\\ & \equiv 0 \pmod{91}\\ \end{align}	${\begin{aligned}3^{6n+3}+4^{6n+3}&\equiv (3^{3})^{2n+1}+(4^{3})^{2n+1}\\&\equiv 27^{2n+1}+64^{2n+1}\\&\equiv 27^{2n+1}+(-27)^{2n+1}\\&\equiv 27^{2n+1}-27^{2n+1}\\&\equiv 0{\pmod {91}}\\\end{aligned}}$
	\begin{alignat}{3} f(x) & = (m-n)^2 \\ f(x) & = (-m+n)^2 \\ & = m^2-2mn+n^2 \\ \end{alignat}	${\begin{alignedat}{3}f(x)&=(m-n)^{2}\\f(x)&=(-m+n)^{2}\\&=m^{2}-2mn+n^{2}\\\end{alignedat}}$
多行等式（左对齐）	\begin{array}{lcl} z & = & a \\ f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z \end{array}	${\begin{array}{lcl}z&=&a\\f(x,y,z)&=&x+y+z\end{array}}$
多行等式（右对齐）	\begin{array}{lcr} z & = & a \\ f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z \end{array}	${\begin{array}{lcr}z&=&a\\f(x,y,z)&=&x+y+z\end{array}}$
长公式换行	<math>f(x) \,\!</math> <math>= \sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n x^n </math> <math>= a_0+a_1x+a_2x^2+\cdots</math>	$f(x)\,\!$ $=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }a_{n}x^{n}$ $=a_{0}+a_{1}x+a_{2}x^{2}+\cdots$
方程组	\begin{cases} 3x + 5y + z \\ 7x - 2y + 4z \\ -6x + 3y + 2z \end{cases}	${\begin{cases}3x+5y+z\\7x-2y+4z\\-6x+3y+2z\end{cases}}$
数组	\begin{array}{\|c\|c\|\|c\|} a & b & S \\ \hline 0&0&1\\ 0&1&1\\ 1&0&1\\ 1&1&0\\ \end{array}	${\begin{array}{\|c\|c\|\|c\|}a&b&S\\\hline 0&0&1\\0&1&1\\1&0&1\\1&1&0\\\end{array}}$

化学方程式

<chem>和<math>都是基于TeX的，所以显示的效果差不多，许多<math>语法也都可以在<chem>中直接调用。调用后若有某些元素显示不正常，一般把它括在{花括号}里就好了。但使用<chem>更简单也更容易理解。

除此之外，还可以使用{{chem}}模板。其具体用法请参见模板:chem

化学式和离子符号
语法	效果
<chem>2H2O</chem>	${\ce {2H2O}}$
<chem>NH4+</chem>	${\ce {NH4+}}$
<chem>SO4^{2-}</chem>	${\ce {SO4^{2-}}}$

化学方程式
语法	效果
<chem>A2{+}B2->2AB</chem>	${\ce {A2{+}B2->2AB}}$
<chem>A2{+}B2->[\vartriangle][H_2O]2AB</chem>	${\ce {A2{+}B2->[\vartriangle ][H_{2}O]2AB}}$ ^[2]

此处特别要注意的是方程式中出现的加号和减号要用大括号括起来（{＋}和{-})^[3]，否则系统会将那些加减号理解为电荷符号而将其置于上标。

箭头
语法	效果
-> 、<- 、<-> 、<=> 、v 、 \uparrow	${\ce {->}}$ 、 ${\ce {<-}}$ 、 ${\ce {<->}}$ 、 ${\ce {<=>}}$ 、 ${\ce {v}}$ 、 ${\ce {\uparrow }}$

字体

希腊字母

斜体小写希腊字母一般用于在方程中显示变量。

正体希腊字母
特征	语法	效果
大写字母	`\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta \Eta \Theta`	$\mathrm {A} \mathrm {B} \Gamma \Delta \mathrm {E} \mathrm {Z} \mathrm {H} \Theta \!$
	`\Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu \Nu \Xi \Omicron \Pi`	$\mathrm {I} \mathrm {K} \Lambda \mathrm {M} \mathrm {N} \Xi \mathrm {O} \Pi \!$
	`\Rho \Sigma \Tau \Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi \Omega`	$\mathrm {P} \Sigma \mathrm {T} \Upsilon \Phi \mathrm {X} \Psi \Omega \!$
小写字母	`\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta \eta \theta`	$\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta \eta \theta \!$
	`\iota \kappa \lambda \mu \nu \xi \omicron \pi`	$\iota \kappa \lambda \mu \nu \xi \mathrm {o} \pi \!$
	`\rho \sigma \tau \upsilon \phi \chi \psi \omega`	$\rho \sigma \tau \upsilon \phi \chi \psi \omega \!$
异体字母	`\Epsilon\epsilon\varepsilon`	$\mathrm {E} \epsilon \varepsilon$
	`\Theta\theta\vartheta`	$\Theta \theta \vartheta$
	`\Kappa\kappa\varkappa`	$\mathrm {K} \kappa \varkappa$
	`\Pi\pi\varpi`	$\Pi \pi \varpi$
	`\Rho\rho\varrho`	$\mathrm {P} \rho \varrho$
	`\Sigma\sigma\varsigma`	$\Sigma \sigma \varsigma$
	`\Phi\phi\varphi`	$\Phi \phi \varphi \,$
已停用字母	`\digamma`	$\digamma$

粗体希腊字母
特征	语法	效果
大写字母	`\boldsymbol{\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta \Eta \Theta}`	${\boldsymbol {\mathrm {A} \mathrm {B} \Gamma \Delta \mathrm {E} \mathrm {Z} \mathrm {H} \Theta }}$
	`\boldsymbol{\Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu \Nu \Xi \Omicron \Pi}`	${\boldsymbol {\mathrm {I} \mathrm {K} \Lambda \mathrm {M} \mathrm {N} \Xi \mathrm {O} \Pi }}$
	`\boldsymbol{\Rho \Sigma \Tau \Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi \Omega}`	${\boldsymbol {\mathrm {P} \Sigma \mathrm {T} \Upsilon \Phi \mathrm {X} \Psi \Omega }}$
小写字母	`\boldsymbol{\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta \eta \theta}`	${\boldsymbol {\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta \eta \theta }}$
	`\boldsymbol{\iota \kappa \lambda \mu \nu \xi \omicron \pi}`	${\boldsymbol {\iota \kappa \lambda \mu \nu \xi \mathrm {o} \pi }}$
	`\boldsymbol{\rho \sigma \tau \upsilon \phi \chi \psi \omega}`	${\boldsymbol {\rho \sigma \tau \upsilon \phi \chi \psi \omega }}$
异体字母	`\boldsymbol{\Epsilon\epsilon\varepsilon}`	${\boldsymbol {\mathrm {E} \epsilon \varepsilon }}$
	`\boldsymbol{\Theta\theta\vartheta}`	${\boldsymbol {\Theta \theta \vartheta }}$
	`\boldsymbol{\Kappa\kappa\varkappa}`	${\boldsymbol {\mathrm {K} \kappa \varkappa }}$
	`\boldsymbol{\Pi\pi\varpi}`	${\boldsymbol {\Pi \pi \varpi }}$
	`\boldsymbol{\Rho\rho\varrho}`	${\boldsymbol {\mathrm {P} \rho \varrho }}$
	`\boldsymbol{\Sigma\sigma\varsigma}`	${\boldsymbol {\Sigma \sigma \varsigma }}$
	`\boldsymbol{\Phi\phi\varphi}`	${\boldsymbol {\Phi \phi \varphi }}$
已停用字母	`\boldsymbol{\digamma}`	${\boldsymbol {\digamma }}$

黑板粗体

语法: \mathbb{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}
效果: $\mathbb {ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}$

黑板粗体（Blackboard bold）一般用于表示数学和物理学中的向量或集合的符号。备注：

$\{\,$ 花括号 $\}\,$ 中只有使用大写拉丁字母才能正常显示，使用小写字母或数字会得到其他符号。

正粗体

语法: \mathbf{012…abc…ABC…}
效果: $\mathbf {0\ 1\ 2\ 3\ 4\ 5\ 6\ 7\ 8\ 9}$; $\mathbf {a\ b\ c\ d\ e\ f\ g\ h\ i\ j\ k\ l\ m\ n\ o\ p\ q\ r\ s\ t\ u\ v\ w\ x\ y\ z}$; $\mathbf {A\ B\ C\ D\ E\ F\ G\ H\ I\ J\ K\ L\ M\ N\ O\ P\ Q\ R\ S\ T\ U\ V\ W\ X\ Y\ Z}$
备注: 花括号{}内只能使用拉丁字母和数字，不能使用希腊字母如\alpha等。

斜粗体

语法: \boldsymbol{012…abc…ABC…\alpha \beta \gamma…}
效果: ${\boldsymbol {0\ 1\ 2\ 3\ 4\ 5\ 6\ 7\ 8\ 9}}$; ${\boldsymbol {a\ b\ c\ d\ e\ f\ g\ h\ i\ j\ k\ l\ m\ n\ o\ p\ q\ r\ s\ t\ u\ v\ w\ x\ y\ z}}$; ${\boldsymbol {A\ B\ C\ D\ E\ F\ G\ H\ I\ J\ K\ L\ M\ N\ O\ P\ Q\ R\ S\ T\ U\ V\ W\ X\ Y\ Z}}$; ${\boldsymbol {\alpha \ \beta \ \gamma \ \delta \ \epsilon \ \zeta \ \eta \ \theta \ \iota \ \kappa \ \lambda \ \mu \ \nu \ \xi \ o\ \pi \ \rho \ \sigma \ \tau \ \upsilon \ \phi \ \chi \ \psi \ \omega }}$
备注: 使用\boldsymbol{}可以加粗所有合法的符号。

斜体数字

语法: \mathit{0123456789}
效果: ${\mathit {0123456789}}\!$

罗马体

语法: \mathrm{012…abc…ABC…}或\mbox{}或\operatorname{}
效果: $\mathrm {0123456789} \$; $\mathrm {ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ} \$; $\mathrm {abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz} \$
备注: 罗马体可以使用数字和拉丁字母。

哥特体

语法: \mathfrak{012…abc…ABC…}
效果: ${\mathfrak {0\ 1\ 2\ 3\ 4\ 5\ 6\ 7\ 8\ 9}}$; ${\mathfrak {a\ b\ c\ d\ e\ f\ g\ h\ i\ j\ k\ l\ m\ n\ o\ p\ q\ r\ s\ t\ u\ v\ w\ x\ y\ z}}$; ${\mathfrak {A\ B\ C\ D\ E\ F\ G\ H\ I\ J\ K\ L\ M\ N\ O\ P\ Q\ R\ S\ T\ U\ V\ W\ X\ Y\ Z}}$
备注: 哥特体可以使用数字和拉丁字母。

手写体

语法: \mathcal{ABC…}
效果: ${\mathcal {ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPSTUVWXYZ}}$
备注: 手写体仅对大写拉丁字母有效。

希伯来字母

语法: \aleph\beth\gimel\daleth
效果: $\aleph \beth \gimel \daleth$

括号

功能	语法	显示
短括号	( \frac{1}{2} )	$({\frac {1}{2}})$
长括号	\left( \frac{1}{2} \right)	$\left({\frac {1}{2}}\right)$

您可以使用 \left 和 \right 来显示不同的括号：

功能	语法	显示
圆括号，小括号	\left( \frac{a}{b} \right)	$\left({\frac {a}{b}}\right)$
方括号，中括号	\left[ \frac{a}{b} \right]	$\left[{\frac {a}{b}}\right]$
花括号，大括号	\left\{ \frac{a}{b} \right\}	$\left\{{\frac {a}{b}}\right\}$
角括号	\left \langle \frac{a}{b} \right \rangle	$\left\langle {\frac {a}{b}}\right\rangle$
单竖线，绝对值	\left\| \frac{a}{b} \right\|	$\left\|{\frac {a}{b}}\right\|$
双竖线，范	\left \\| \frac{a}{b} \right \\|	$\left\\|{\frac {a}{b}}\right\\|$
取整函数	\left \lfloor \frac{a}{b} \right \rfloor	$\left\lfloor {\frac {a}{b}}\right\rfloor$
取顶函数	\left \lceil \frac{c}{d} \right \rceil	$\left\lceil {\frac {c}{d}}\right\rceil$
斜线与反斜线	\left / \frac{a}{b} \right \backslash	$\left/{\frac {a}{b}}\right\backslash$
上下箭头	\left \uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \downarrow	$\left\uparrow {\frac {a}{b}}\right\downarrow$
	\left \Uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Downarrow	$\left\Uparrow {\frac {a}{b}}\right\Downarrow$
	\left \updownarrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Updownarrow	$\left\updownarrow {\frac {a}{b}}\right\Updownarrow$
混合括号	\left [ 0,1 \right ) \left \langle \psi \right \|	$\left[0,1\right)$ $\left\langle \psi \right\|$
单左括号	\left \{ \frac{a}{b} \right .	$\left\{{\frac {a}{b}}\right.$
单右括号	\left . \frac{a}{b} \right \}	$\left.{\frac {a}{b}}\right\}$

备注：

可以使用 \big, \Big, \bigg, \Bigg 控制括号的大小，比如代码

\Bigg ( \bigg [ \Big \{ \big \langle \left | \| \frac{a}{b} \| \right | \big \rangle \Big \} \bigg ] \Bigg )

　显示︰

{\Bigg (}{\bigg [}{\Big \{}{\big \langle }\left|\|x\|\right|{\big \rangle }{\Big \}}{\bigg ]}{\Bigg )}

空格

注意 $T e X$ 能够自动处理大多数的空格，但是您有时候需要自己来控制。

功能	语法	显示	宽度
2个quad空格	`\alpha\qquad\beta`	$\alpha \qquad \beta$	$2m\$
quad空格	`\alpha\quad\beta`	$\alpha \quad \beta$	$m\$
大空格	`\alpha\ \beta`	$\alpha \ \beta$	${\frac {m}{3}}$
中等空格	`\alpha\;\beta`	$\alpha \;\beta$	${\frac {2m}{7}}$
小空格	`\alpha\,\beta`	$\alpha \,\beta$	${\frac {m}{6}}$
没有空格	`\alpha\beta`	$\alpha \beta \$	$0\$
紧贴	`\alpha\!\beta`	$\alpha \!\beta$	$-{\frac {m}{6}}$

颜色

语法

字体颜色︰{\color{色调}表达式}
背景颜色︰{\pagecolor{色调}表达式}

支援色调表

Colors supported
$\color {Apricot}{\text{Apricot}}$	$\color {Aquamarine}{\text{Aquamarine}}$	$\color {Bittersweet}{\text{Bittersweet}}$	$\color {Black}{\text{Black}}$
$\color {Blue}{\text{Blue}}$	$\color {BlueGreen}{\text{BlueGreen}}$	$\color {BlueViolet}{\text{BlueViolet}}$	$\color {BrickRed}{\text{BrickRed}}$
$\color {Brown}{\text{Brown}}$	$\color {BurntOrange}{\text{BurntOrange}}$	$\color {CadetBlue}{\text{CadetBlue}}$	$\color {CarnationPink}{\text{CarnationPink}}$
$\color {Cerulean}{\text{Cerulean}}$	$\color {CornflowerBlue}{\text{CornflowerBlue}}$	$\color {Cyan}{\text{Cyan}}$	$\color {Dandelion}{\text{Dandelion}}$
$\color {DarkOrchid}{\text{DarkOrchid}}$	$\color {Emerald}{\text{Emerald}}$	$\color {ForestGreen}{\text{ForestGreen}}$	$\color {Fuchsia}{\text{Fuchsia}}$
$\color {Goldenrod}{\text{Goldenrod}}$	$\color {Gray}{\text{Gray}}$	$\color {Green}{\text{Green}}$	$\color {GreenYellow}{\text{GreenYellow}}$
$\color {JungleGreen}{\text{JungleGreen}}$	$\color {Lavender}{\text{Lavender}}$	$\color {LimeGreen}{\text{LimeGreen}}$	$\color {Magenta}{\text{Magenta}}$
$\color {Mahogany}{\text{Mahogany}}$	$\color {Maroon}{\text{Maroon}}$	$\color {Melon}{\text{Melon}}$	$\color {MidnightBlue}{\text{MidnightBlue}}$
$\color {Mulberry}{\text{Mulberry}}$	$\color {NavyBlue}{\text{NavyBlue}}$	$\color {OliveGreen}{\text{OliveGreen}}$	$\color {Orange}{\text{Orange}}$
$\color {OrangeRed}{\text{OrangeRed}}$	$\color {Orchid}{\text{Orchid}}$	$\color {Peach}{\text{Peach}}$	$\color {Periwinkle}{\text{Periwinkle}}$
$\color {PineGreen}{\text{PineGreen}}$	$\color {Plum}{\text{Plum}}$	$\color {ProcessBlue}{\text{ProcessBlue}}$	$\color {Purple}{\text{Purple}}$
$\color {RawSienna}{\text{RawSienna}}$	$\color {Red}{\text{Red}}$	$\color {RedOrange}{\text{RedOrange}}$	$\color {RedViolet}{\text{RedViolet}}$
$\color {Rhodamine}{\text{Rhodamine}}$	$\color {RoyalBlue}{\text{RoyalBlue}}$	$\color {RoyalPurple}{\text{RoyalPurple}}$	$\color {RubineRed}{\text{RubineRed}}$
$\color {Salmon}{\text{Salmon}}$	$\color {SeaGreen}{\text{SeaGreen}}$	$\color {Sepia}{\text{Sepia}}$	$\color {SkyBlue}{\text{SkyBlue}}$
$\color {SpringGreen}{\text{SpringGreen}}$	$\color {Tan}{\text{Tan}}$	$\color {TealBlue}{\text{TealBlue}}$	$\color {Thistle}{\text{Thistle}}$
$\color {Turquoise}{\text{Turquoise}}$	$\color {Violet}{\text{Violet}}$	$\color {VioletRed}{\text{VioletRed}}$	$\color {White}{\text{White}}$
$\color {WildStrawberry}{\text{WildStrawberry}}$	$\color {Yellow}{\text{Yellow}}$	$\color {YellowGreen}{\text{YellowGreen}}$	$\color {YellowOrange}{\text{YellowOrange}}$