满语/第4节课 - 数词
维基教科书，自由的教学读本
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目录 |
对话和译文 [编辑]
| 对话 1 | 对话 1 |
| be oci mafa gurun i ilha | 我们是祖国的花朵 |
| ajige orho i eme oci amba na, | 小草的母亲是大地, |
| ajige nimaha i eme oci amba mederi, | 小鱼的母亲是大海, |
| usiha i eme oci abka i untuhun, | 星星的母亲是天空, |
| meni eme oci mafa gurun---dulimbai gurun. | 我们的母亲是我们的祖国---中国. |
| be oci mafa gurun i ilha, | 我们是祖国的花朵, |
| fuldun fuldun ilha mafa gurun be miyamimbi, | 花朵朵化妆祖国, |
| mafa gurun membe ujime hūwasabuha, | 祖国养育了我们, |
| be mafa gurun be hairambi. | 我们热爱祖国. |
| .............................................................................................................................................. | .............................................................................................................................................. |
| 对话 2 | 对话 2 |
| A) gucu te udu erin oho? | A) 朋友现在几点了? |
| B) juwan erin oho. | B) 十点钟. |
| A) baniha. si oci Xiao Wang i tacin gucu inuo? | A) 谢谢. 你是小王的同学吗? |
| B) inu. bi Xiao Wang i emgi emu minggan uyun tanggū nadanju sunja ci aniya oros gisun be taciha | B) 是的. 我1975年跟小王学过俄语. |
| A) si ya tacikū de oros gisun be taciha? | A) 你在哪一个学校学过俄语? |
| B) Qinghua amba tacikū de | B) 清华大学. |
| A) si ere aniya udu se oho? | A) 你今年几岁? |
| B) bi susai juwe se oho. | B) 我五十二岁. |
| .............................................................................................................................................. | .............................................................................................................................................. |
| 对话 3 | 对话 3 |
| A) sinde udu indahūn bio? | A) 你有几只狗? |
| B) uheri tofohon indahūn bi. tofohon i ilan ubu i emu boode | B) 一共有十五只. 十五的三分之一在家 |
| A) tuttu oci boode udu indahūn bio? | A) 那样的话，家里有几只狗? |
| B) boode sunja indahūn bi. | B) 家里有五只狗. |
生词 [编辑]
| ............................................................ | ............................................................ | ............................................................ | ............................................................ |
| 满文 | 汉文 | 满文 | 汉文 |
| abka | 天、天空、天气、上帝 | abka i untuhun | 天空 |
| ajige | 小、幼小、微小 | amba | 大 |
| amba tacikū | 大学 | aniya | 年、年节、年代 |
| be | 我们 | emgi | 同、共、一起 |
| erin | 时、时辰、钟点、时候 | fuldun | （花）朵 |
| gurun | 国、部落、一群人 | hairambi | 爱、爱惜 |
| hūwašabumbi | 培养、教育、抚养 | ilha | 花 |
| indahūn | 狗、犬、戌 | dulimbai gurun | 中国 |
| mafa | 祖父、老公公 | mafa gurun | 祖国 |
| mederi | 海 | miyamimbi | 修饰、打扮、化妆、掩饰、粉饰 |
| na | 地、土地 | nimaha | 鱼 |
| orho | 草 | oros | 俄罗斯 |
| se | 年龄、岁数 | tacikū | 学校 |
| tacin gucu | 同学 | tuttu oci | 若是那样、既然如此 |
| ubu | 份儿、分、分数、倍、缘分 | udu | 几个 |
| uheri | 共、总共、全部 | ujimbi | 养、养育、休养、生育 |
| untuhun | 空、空虚、虚、空间、太空 | usiha | 星 |
| ya | 哪个、何 |
语法 [编辑]
数次 [编辑]
Manchu cardinal numerals [编辑]
The cardinal numbers in Manchu are:
| ...................................... | ...................................... | ...................................... | ...................................... |
| emu (emke) | 1 | juwan jakūn | 18 |
| juwe | 2 | juwan uyun | 19 |
| ilan | 3 | orin | 20 |
| duin | 4 | orin emu | 21 |
| sunja | 5 | gūsin | 30 |
| ninggun | 6 | dehu | 40 |
| nadan | 7 | susai | 50 |
| jakūn | 8 | ninju | 60 |
| uyun | 9 | nadanju | 70 |
| juwan | 10 | jakūnju | 80 |
| juwan emu | 11 | uyunju | 90 |
| juwan juwe | 12 | tanggū | 100 |
| juwan ilan | 13 | juwe tanggū susai emu | 251 |
| juwan duin | 14 | minggan | 1,000 |
| tofohon | 15 | tumen | 10,000 |
| juwan ninggun | 16 | juwan tumen | 100,000 |
| juwan nadan | 17 | tanggū tumen | 1,000,000 |
| ...................................... | ...................................... | ...................................... | ...................................... |
Note: the number for 15 is irregular
Manchu ordinal numerals [编辑]
Ordinal numbers in Manchu are formed by adding ‘-ci’ to the end of the cardinal form of the number. In the case of numbers that end in an ‘n’, the final n is dropped (except for in the case of juwan and tumen). E.g:
- emuci (First)
- juwe tanggv susai emuci (251st)
- ningguci (Sixth)
- minggaci (One thousandth)
- juwanci (Tenth)
- tumenci (Ten thousandth)
- juwan duici (Fourteenth)
Manchu distributive numerals [编辑]
Distributive numerals can be formed by adding the suffix ‘-ta’, ‘-te’ or ‘-to’ depending on the rules of vowel harmony. E.g.:
- ilata (one of three)
- tofohoto (one of 15)
- emte (one each).
Manchu multiplicative numerals [编辑]
As for multiplicative numerals, one can either use the word ‘ubu’ (times), or use one of the postpositions such as ‘mudan’ (time), ‘jergi’ (time). E.g.:
- juwe ubu (twice)
- juwe mudan (twice)
- juwe jergi (twice)
Manchu fractions [编辑]
Fractional numerals can be formed by either using the genitive or ablative case, or by using the dative/locative case in combination with the word ‘ubu’ (times). E.g
- sunja i emu (1/5)
- sunja ci emu (1/5)
- sunja ubu de emu ubu (1/5).
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